Fine motor activities for 2 year olds. Our ''fine motor'' classes (from one to two years). Push coins into a piggy bank

Periods of child development in preschool age

The famous Italian teacher Maria Montessori identified three periods of child development:

Development of children's speech (from 0 to 6 years). At this time, two important events occur. 1 year to 2.5 years rapidly expanding vocabulary child. At 4-4.5 years old he masters writing (but only if he has developed fine motor skills);

Perception of small objects (from 1.5 to 5.5 years). At this age, the child loves to play with buttons, beads, sticks, etc. With the help of such objects, you can develop the motor skills of the child’s hands. Just be sure to make sure your baby doesn’t put them in his mouth;

Formation of simple self-service skills (from 1 year to 4 years). At this age, the child is taught to dress, eat and perform hygiene procedures independently.

1. Exercises to develop fine motor skills are carried out in a complex, starting from the first months of a child’s life.

2. In the set of exercises, try to include tasks for squeezing, relaxing and stretching the baby’s hands.

3. Start or end your sessions with a hand massage session.

4. Carry out work on developing fine motor skills regularly, in accordance with the age and taking into account the level of physical development of the baby.

5. At first, the adult performs all movements with the baby’s hands, and as the child masters it, he begins to do them independently.

6. Carefully ensure that the child performs the exercises correctly. If your child finds it difficult to complete any task, immediately help him: fix the desired position of his fingers, etc.

7. Alternate between new and old games and exercises. After your child has mastered simple motor skills, move on to mastering more complex ones.

8. Perform certain movements simultaneously with listening (and then with the child pronouncing) the poem.

9. Encourage your child’s creative activity, let him come up with some exercises himself.

10. Conduct classes emotionally, actively, praise your child for his successes, but do not forget to monitor his mood and physical condition.

Massage of palms and fingers for children from 0 to 2 years old

Finger massage is very useful to a small child. The fingers are closely connected with the brain and internal organs:

little finger - with a heart,

nameless - with liver,

middle - with intestines and spine,

index - with stomach,

big - with a brain.

1. Take your baby's palm and thoroughly massage each finger, starting with the little finger. Perform massage movements from the nail phalanx to the palm, paying attention to each joint.

2. Massage the baby's fingertips, applying light pressure to them.

3. Massage your baby's palms with your index finger in a circular motion.

4. Take the child’s palm in your hand and apply light pressure thumb Make circular movements in the center of your palm.

5. Massage your fingers with a ring spiral massager. Place the massager on your baby's finger and use up-and-down movements to massage the fingers in the same sequence (starting with the little finger).

6. Take two massage brushes and run them over the child’s palms. His hands lie on his knees, palms up.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children from O to 2 years old

1. "Magpie-white-sided"

First, the adult runs his finger over the child’s palm and says: “The magpie is cooking porridge.” Then the baby himself begins to move his finger along his palm. Let’s complicate the game: in the phrase “I gave it to this one,” the adult alternately bends the child’s fingers to the palm, except for the little finger: “But I didn’t give it to this one.” Shaking it slightly, we say with a playful reproach: “You didn’t carry water...”, etc.

The white-sided magpie cooked porridge and fed the children. She gave to this, she gave to this, she gave to this, she gave to this, but she didn’t give to this: “You didn’t carry water, you didn’t chop wood, you didn’t cook porridge, you have nothing.”

2. “Ladushki-crackers”

Take the baby's hands in yours and clap them. Show your child the movements and ask them to repeat them.

Ladushki-ladashki, Loud firecrackers. They clapped their hands, clapped a little.

3. “Okay”

Read the nursery rhyme and at the same time accompany the words with gestures

Okay, okay!

(Show your baby your palms.)

Where were you? At grandma's. What did you eat? Porridge. What did you drink? Mash.

(Clap your hands.)

Porridge is buttery, Mash is sweet, Granny is kind. We drank and ate! Shu - let's fly! They sat on the head.

(Raise your arms up, turning your palms left and right, then lower them “house”

on the head.)

4. "House"

This is a house.

(Put both palms towards each other.)

This is the roof.

(Place your palms together and interlace your fingers.)

And the pipe is even higher.

(Put all your fingers up,

without uncoupling them.)

5. “Hide and Seek”

Fingers are playing hide and seek, opening up,

(Raise your palm and spread all your fingers.)

Closed.

(Place your fingers together and make a fist.)

6. "Bunnies"

Place all fingers of one hand on the table.

The bunnies went out onto the meadow and stood in a small circle. One bunnies, two bunnies, three bunnies, four bunnies, five...

(Count the bunnies.)

Let's knock our paws.

(Knock all your fingers on the table

together or apart.)

They knocked and knocked and got tired. We sat down to rest.

(Fold your fingers into a fist.)

7. “Hello, finger”

Alternately touch your index, middle, ring fingers and little finger to thumb.

Hello, dear finger, So we met you.

8. “Strong fingers”

Bend your fingers and invite your baby to do the same. Then take his fingers and pull them each in a different direction.

Having encountered a daughter with the problem of undeveloped fine motor skills, as a result of which we draw simply terribly, writes like a chicken with its paw, I decided to work with my son a little differently, focusing on the hands, the guy is growing))) I saved it for myself and you can use it if necessary .

For older children there are other exercises, all taken from the book by Ermakova I.A. “Developing fine motor skills in children”

Do you want to give your baby a powerful incentive to develop attention, thinking, perception, memory and even speech? Then develop your fine motor skills!

So today we're going to talk about fine motor skills training. There are many toys called educational toys. This is how manufacturers make educational toys taking this task into account. For example, educational mats are made taking into account the fact that some element rustles, rustles, some is fluffy, some is smooth, a button is attached somewhere, etc. That is, during the game the baby touches one or another element, thereby developing.

However, look around - in our apartments there are also many interesting things that can serve as an excellent stimulator for the development of fingers and the development of tactile sensitivity in children. The best educational toys are at our fingertips.

Educational toys in our kitchen - cereals, dough

Ordinary cereal - how simple and how ingenious. How many interesting games you can come up with a small child using regular cereal.

The cereal can be poured, transferred from one vessel to another. You can do finger painting, namely: pour the cereal onto a large tray and run your finger along the surface of the cereal, which will create lines. Beans and peas are more voluminous, they can be used to make figures, as well as from household items (buttons, matches (the sulfur can be cut off from them first), cotton swabs).

With an older child, you can move on to cereal applications. This is an interesting educational activity, and besides, the result - a ready-made cereal application - can be given as a gift to someone close to you.
Also very interesting activity is modeling from dough.

You can also play with spoons, bowls, and saucepans in the kitchen. Moms, don't panic! We hide all sharp and breakable objects, and take out those that are not dangerous for the baby to play with. And let the baby give an outlet for energy - knocking on the pan with a ladle, pouring spoons into a bowl. This is so much fun! And different surface textures (smooth spoons, rough cauldron) will help the baby develop tactile sensations.

By the way, fruits and vegetables are also suitable. Apple, banana, kiwi - different shapes, different surface. Just remember to wash them first.

Other educational toys in the room or bathroom

It will be very useful for the smallest children to touch small smooth objects - round buttons, thimbles, large beans, acorns. Just be extra careful. Multi-colored buttons are trying to get into the baby's mouth.

Different jars and tubes with multi-colored labels will also appeal to little researchers. If you take not ordinary glass jars, but small ones with thick glass for baby purees, then you shouldn’t be afraid. The baby will not break such a jar. You can not only happily knock and twirl them in your hands, but also pour cereal into them, pour in and pour out water. And what a pleasure it is for children to screw and unscrew the lids on jars!

Children also love to leaf through newspapers and magazines, tear and crumple sheets of paper. Touching a variety of materials has a simply wonderful effect on developing fine motor skills. Let your baby touch silk, cotton, the edge of a towel, or a woolen product.

Play healthy with your baby, but be sure to follow safety precautions. To do this, be careful that small objects do not get into the child’s mouth, nose, or ear.

For games, of course, you can use any little thing: figures from Kinder Surprises, small construction sets - whatever you like. For example, our favorite toy was a set of tiny children's dishes - very small cups and saucers. The task was to first get these miniature dishes out of the box with your fingers, then set the small toy table: put the saucers, cups on top of the saucers, and do everything so that the table does not lose balance and fall over - I admit, this task is difficult Even I could cope. My daughter did better.

The next item that could captivate Olechka seriously and for a long time were buttons. On this occasion, a large box with large, small, metal, plastic, wooden - bright, multi-colored buttons was removed from the mezzanine. This box became Olya’s treasure, which she played with, of course, only in company with me.

At first, my daughter just liked to put her fingers into the box and sort through the contents. Then transfer and pour into cups. Later, when Ole got a little bored with the routine of sorting and arranging buttons, we began to include this “small-motor” object in our role-playing games. For example, they cooked porridge for dolls and animals - they poured the buttons into a saucepan, stirred them, then laid them out on plates. Or they transported “valuable cargo” by putting buttons in a truck and moving from the bear’s house to the bunny’s hut.

At an older age, closer to two years, they mixed buttons and beans in a box, and Olya, like Cinderella, had to select the cereal.

Speaking about “fine-motor” games, it is difficult to ignore traditional educational toys. Lacing is considered very useful for the development of small fingers, but my daughter turned out to be indifferent to all types of them. But she was very fascinated by the insert frames (which we not only assembled, but also outlined and painted), puzzles (although Olya, of course, could not yet assemble the whole picture, but connecting the “pieces”, at my prompting, she really liked and served a good finger exercise) and “gluing” pictures cut in half.

As Olechka approached the age of two, she really fell in love with books with stickers. The assortment of these books is quite diverse (animals, plants, numbers, letters, etc.), but I noticed that the little one gets great pleasure from the very process of peeling and sticking pictures. Therefore, we began to buy ordinary stickers at stationery kiosks (preferably themed ones - for example, with images of vegetables, fruits, flowers) and stick them in a special album. However, we also continue to use sticker books.

2. Fine motor skills and creativity

As you know, modeling and drawing in themselves are powerful tools for developing fine motor skills. I will draw attention to some points that were well used at this particular age.

• drawing with a piece of foam rubber. There are two points here - firstly, the child likes tearing small pieces from the foam rubber in itself. Secondly, squeezing these pieces out while painting is very good exercise for children's hands
• drawing with a cotton swab or match - you have to put in more effort than when drawing with a brush
• and, of course, finger painting

As for sculpting, of course, kneading, rolling plasticine balls in your hands, tearing off small pieces, gluing them on paper - the list goes on for a long time. Together with my daughter, we made (and continue to do) crafts from plasticine and various materials. For example, a plasticine doll. I roll a ball (it turns out to be a head), and Olya is asked to tear off two small pieces of plasticine and attach eyes to the doll. Then roll a plasticine sausage (she knows how to do this), which together we turn into a mouth. And finally, attach “hair” to the doll. We use spiral-shaped pasta as “hair” - and funny curls appear on the doll’s head. The construction of such a “wig” is within the power of Ole herself.

There are simpler crafts that a child can do on his own. For example, “hedgehog” - the baby is asked to stick a piece of plasticine with matches. Or " christmas tree" - decorate an ordinary fir cone with plasticine pieces. Well, and so on.

To my surprise, another tool for developing motor skills, akin to plasticine, turned out to be... foil. Yes, yes, an ordinary sheet of food foil can be twisted into a flagellum and from this flagellum you can build something... for example, a ring, a horseshoe, etc. You can try rolling small pieces of foil into balls. And the simplest thing, what Olya really liked, was wrapping and unwrapping small objects, for example, figures sculpted from plasticine through our joint efforts with my daughter. In the same way, we wrapped pasta figures in foil.

By the way, curly pasta (in the shape of shells, flowers, leaves) is our special love. You can do anything with them. You can simply stick a piece of plasticine with pasta flowers or shells and make " flower meadow"or "sea shore". You can try stringing the same pasta on a fishing line and making a nice necklace or bracelet. Or you can simply lay out improvised patterns on a sheet of colored paper - it turns out very interesting and beautiful.

Colored paper- also a useful item. The baby is not yet able to use scissors (there are attempts, but so far to no avail), but tearing a sheet of colored paper into strips is a real pleasure. Colored paper tears more easily than, for example, old newspapers, and, of course, a child is more attracted to bright colors than an unassuming sheet of newspaper.

Well, this is probably the main thing, our favorite.

3. Fine motor skills in the kitchen

In our kitchen, games with cereals are a traditional hit parade. The activity is exciting, and the child can concentrate on it for quite a long time. Mom is preparing dinner - and the baby is busy.

So, he gets the cereal (buckwheat, peas, rice), the child is given small cups from the doll set (it’s convenient to pour them over), spoons, bowls, cups - all this is placed on a tray, and then the baby plays with the cereal for his own pleasure: rakes it with his hands, sorts out the grains, pours them from one container to another, etc. When I have a break in work, together we lay out patterns from the cereal on a tray. We select a tray that contrasts with the cereal (for example, if it’s rice, we take a dark tray, if it’s buckwheat, then vice versa) and lay out paths, houses, flowers... Or we fill the entire tray with cereal, and the daughter runs her finger along it with concentration, looking at it with curiosity appearing stains.

In addition, to play with cereals, we like to use egg trays or candy boxes with cells - Olya really likes to distribute the grains into “nests”. In addition, this activity takes quite a lot of time and does not require my participation - all I have to do is gradually monitor compliance with safety precautions.

However, cereals are not the only type of “kitchen activity”. Olya loves to “help”. For example, sorting and washing potatoes in a saucepan. Peel boiled vegetables (potatoes, carrots) or eggs with your hands. Why not a developing exercise for fingers? Olechka even likes to peel onions with her hands - and she doesn’t cry at all.

Ever since my daughter learned to crawl, the lower sections of the kitchen cabinets were cleared for “research equipment.” There I put items that were safe but interesting for the child: plastic dishes, small vessels and bowls, and, among other things, plastic bottles with screw caps. These bottles fascinated Olya for a long time: unscrewing and tightening caps and trying them on other bottles is a very interesting and quite labor-intensive activity for a child’s hand.

The only side effect of our developmental activities in the kitchen is “creative” chaos - well, and, alas, there’s no way without it.

4.Fine motor skills and independent dressing

WITH early age We encouraged all Olya’s attempts to dress on her own, teaching him how to fasten a button on a jacket, or Velcro on a shoe - truly a jewel-like job for children’s fingers.

5. Fine motor skills while walking

Here we can go on for a long time: we all know how much a child is fascinated by collecting natural materials - pebbles, chestnuts, acorns, etc. Autumn is a very fertile time in this regard - Olya and I always returned from the park with supplies of freshly picked acorns and chestnuts, which we sorted through at home, They put them in cups and made simple crafts. During the walk, Olechka picked rowan berries from the bunches and rolled them in her palms...

And in the summer it’s wonderful to collect shells and pebbles on the banks of a river or sea, throw them into the water or, conversely, try to grab them from the water with your fingers. Even better, together with your mother, build a sand castle on the shore and decorate it with natural materials.

Of course, this article describes a far from complete list of games and activities that can be offered to a child at this age to develop fine motor skills. There can be a great variety of such games - depending on the interests of the child and the imagination of the parents. But perhaps our ideas will be useful for you too.

Discussion

Good day everyone! Interesting article, a lot of useful information. My suggestion for working with laces: you can offer the child to “sew up torn clothes” with a lacing tablet hanging out as clothing, or take a plastic construction set (there are long and short sticks with holes) and invite the child to assemble something from the construction set and laces (swing, handbag ...), but in general, give the child the opportunity to fantasize and not ask him to do something specific - let him figure it out on his own, and let his fingers develop the baby’s speech.

09.26.2007 13:23:25, Anastasia

Hello Katyusha!
No, I never cease to be amazed at your ingenuity! The article is very valuable, primarily due to the fact that it does not contain those banal games with children that are described in most books and require certain material costs. And here everything is at hand, everything is accessible. If only I could find the time :)

I only gave mine pencils, my daughter loves to write on her hands and feet. And today we tried plasticine, I showed it to her, she still has difficulty doing it herself. In general, a very valuable article, only from mothers it takes time and desire, which sometimes does not happen.

Hello, Katya! Great article! I did a lot with Artem, but I had already forgotten some things, and I didn’t even know about others. Therefore, the benefit of your article is obvious to me - Timofey already loves buttons and tearing colored paper.

08/14/2007 11:30:28, Larisa.

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When you are involved in the development of a child, the question often arises - what needs to be developed? What else would you like to do? What to play with your child?

To be honest, similar questions arise from time to time for me. To help other mothers, I decided to make an approximate list of areas of development for a child aged 1.5 to 2 years.

How to develop a child from 1.5 to 2 years old:

Development of logic.

1. “Collect only” (learn to select only certain items from scattered objects - according to mom’s instructions. For example, put only cones in a box, only red objects, etc.).
2. Learn to sort objects (by shape, size, color).
3. Assemble simple puzzles or pictures cut into pieces (at one and a half years old these will be puzzles of two parts; the average child usually learns to put together more complex shapeson one's own after two years).
4. Assemble from parts - games from soft construction toys (carpet, felt) or paper templates, by playing with which the child learns to put together simple figures - a house, a mushroom, etc. from 2-3 parts (homemade construction sets are much better, since the mother has the opportunity to make a construction set based on the individual characteristics of the child):

5. Games with insert frames and their paper counterparts:

6. Closer to two years - assembling a pyramid of cubes different sizes:

7. Stack the cups, build a tower of cups:

8. A task for complicated classification such as “find the big yellow circle”, “find the small blue square” (such tasks are more suitable for children closer to two years old, provided that the child is already good at distinguishing objects by shape and color and has mastered the simplest sorting) .
9. Games with all sorts of sorters.

Development of attention.

1. Game “Find a Pair” - with socks, mittens, cards (lotto).
2. Game "What's in this room?" - according to mom’s instructions, look for “what is red, hard, soft, etc. in this room.”
3. Game "Where in this room"? (find where in this room there is a polar bear, your favorite doll, etc.).
4. “Find by sound” - mom hides a playing musical toy in the room - the baby must find it by sound.
5. “Find Mom” is a game of hide and seek (the mother hides in such a way that it is very easy to find her, sometimes she gives hints - calling the baby to her).
6. “Find a similar pattern” is a type of game “find a pair” - find objects (handkerchiefs, mittens, hats) with the same pattern (usually drawn or printed manuals are used for this).

Studying the properties of objects:

1. Big-small.
2. Names of colors (both basic - blue, red, etc. and atypical - light green, pink, etc.).
3. Studying geometric shapes(circle, square, etc.).
4. One is many.
5. Hot-cold.
6. High-low.
7. Up and down.
8. Prepositions.
9. Sad-cheerful.

10. Hard-soft.
11. Dirty-clean.
12. Front-back.
13. Dry-wet.
14. Prickly.
15. Smooth.
16. Rough.
17. Light - heavy.

Lexical topics:

1. Dishes.
2. Fish.
3. Vegetation (trees, bushes, grass, flowers, leaves).
4. Cars.
5. Ship.
6. Houses.
7. Flowers.
8. Mushrooms.

9. My house (kitchen, bathroom, toilet, hallway, living room, bedroom, children's room, closets).
10. City (streets, houses, courtyards, roadways, public transport, parks).
11. Vegetables, fruits.
12. Products, food.
13. Pets.
14. Wild animals.
15. Clothes.
16. Furniture.
17. Birds.
18. Parts of the body, parts of the face.
19. Insects (ant, bee, etc.).
20. Sun, clouds, moon, moon, stars, rain, snow, puddles.

Creation.

1. Drawing: with wax crayons, paints, felt-tip pens (it’s better to take water-based ones (“washable”) - they wash well). Children at this age usually find it difficult to draw with pencils - you need to make a strong effort to leave a mark on the paper, and they also break quickly.
2. Learn to use paints - wash the brush after each color, wet the brush in water.
3. Finger painting.
4. Drawing with a sponge (with stripes and stamps cut from a sponge for washing dishes; gouache or finger paints are used for painting with a sponge).
5. Drawing silhouettes: a stencil is made from a sheet of paper - a simple silhouette is cut out inside the sheet - for example, a Christmas tree, a house, a mushroom. The stencil is placed on a blank sheet of paper, the child decorates the stencil window (silhouettes of a Christmas tree, mushrooms, etc.). At the end of the work, the stencil is removed and a cute children's creativity remains on the bottom sheet of paper.
6. In a playful way, start learning to draw lines (vertical, horizontal), closer to 2 years - circles. Important– the skills of drawing lines and circles at this age are very individual, some learn this later, some earlier, it is imperative to take into account the child’s interest and abilities.
7. Closer to two years Can start mastering coloring (also very individual - after all, most children successfully master this skill somewhere after two). It is better to learn to paint with paints - this technique is much easier for a child. You can start learning by coloring silhouettes of fish, mushrooms, etc. cut out of paper.
8. Modeling from plasticine, dough - learn to pinch off lumps, attach them to paper (perform compositions “feed the chicken with grains, make a cutlet for the dog,” etc.), make sausages, flat cakes, hide objects in plasticine/dough and find them, cut the dough with a knife, roll out with a rolling pin, leave imprints on the dough, cut out figures with special molds (similar to cookie cutters) In the modeling skills described, everything is also individual - a child will easily learn some things at 1.5 years old, others will “come” later. two – it’s different for everyone.
9. Applique made of paper (of various textures), applique made of torn paper, applique made of crumpled paper.

10. Application with cereals.
11. Applique on the dough (various objects are laid out on the dough (beans, mosaic, acorns, etc. and pressed into the dough - interesting patterns are obtained).

12. Crafts that combine various techniques (modeling and modeling, applique and modeling, etc.).

Modeling.

1. Build paths from cubes, construction sets, books.
2. Learn to make applications from 2-3 elements (for example: house(3 elements) – roof, house, window; tree(two elements) – trunk and foliage). Important: First, the child must become good at making appliqués from one element and appliqués from several objects.
3. Build houses from construction sets (square and triangular roof).
4. Play with Lego-type construction sets (spontaneous modeling).

Development of fine motor skills at 1.5 years.

1. Develop motor skills by doing creative work - modeling, drawing, appliqué.
2. Tear paper.
3. Unwrap “surprises” (items wrapped in foil or several layers of paper).
4. Pour the cereal - with a spoon, with your hands, in glasses, look for hidden objects in it, prepare soup for the dolls.
5. Playing with sorters and frame inserts.
6. Learn to collect water from the table with a sponge.
7. Learn to squeeze a sponge.
8. Games with a pyramid (learn to string).
9. Learn to string beads (special for children).

10. Games with large mosaics (closer to two years, individually).
11. Games with sand - learn to make Easter cakes, pies, pour, pour.
12. Games with Lego-type construction sets (connecting parts, separating parts).
13. Games with clothespins.
14. Cubes - build towers, build houses.
15. Learn to open and close all kinds of locks - either play with real ones, or make or buy a special board:

16. Learn to fold nesting dolls.

17. Play with knockers and hammers:

18. Remove small objects from the dish with a spoon (first with a tablespoon - this is easier, then with a teaspoon):

19. Use a spoon to catch small objects from the water.
20. Carry round objects in a spoon around the room.
21. Pour water into cups (ideally, play in the bathroom while bathing).
23. Pour water from a children's teapot into a cup.
23. Catch the balls in the water with a small strainer.
24. Beat the soap foam with a whisk (add a couple of drops of detergent to a plate of water).
25. Leave imprints on the dough with various figures and molds.
26. Draw with a stick on the ground or sand outside.
27. Finger paint on semolina.
28. Glue stickers.
29. Boxes, jars with lids, bags - learn to open and close.
30. Game “stick the figure in its place”:

31. Small rubber bands - learn to put on fingers, a pyramid stick, on small rubber toys:

32. “Piggy bank” - lower various small objects (buttons, coins, beans, pasta) into small slots on boxes and jars:

33. Learn to squeak with squeaking toys.
34. Spray yourself in the bathroom.
35. Massage your fingers with a massage ball (for example, accompanied by nursery rhymes).
36. Playing with small objects (if safety rules are followed) - buttons, pebbles, beads, etc.

37. Fasten and unfasten Velcro (on shoes, in special toys).

Development of speech and articulation.

Development of musical ear, sense of rhythm.

1. Logorhythmics - dancing to music (for example Zheleznov).
2. Playing children's musical instruments (including homemade ones).
3. We get acquainted with the concepts of “loud - quiet” (playing spoons, drums loudly and quietly).
4. Let's get acquainted with the concepts of "fast - slow music."
5. “Listen! (we listen to different sounds - water dripping from a tap, birds chirping, trees rustling, a car driving, etc.).
6. Let's get acquainted with the concepts of "noise - silence".
7. Listening to classical music in the background.
8. Active listening to classical music - discussion (“this is fast and cheerful music, it tells us how fast birds fly across the sky, we dance so quickly and cheerfully to it. But sad, calm music, this is a cat that is bored - we are so slow “We dance to it” - the child listens to the music and intuitively begins to understand that each music has its own character and characteristics).
9. Ask the child to fulfill requests in a whisper (develops hearing - “bring a doll, give me a ball”).

Sensory development.

1. Playing with different materials - pieces of fabric of different textures, balls, brush, etc.
2. Application made from materials of different textures (corrugated, velvet, sandpaper, cotton wool, fabric, etc.).
3. Feeling various objects at home (the sofa is soft, the floor is hard, the cup of tea is warm, the kefir from the refrigerator is cold, the cat is fluffy, the brush is prickly, etc.).
4. Feeling natural materials on the street - the tree bark is rough, the water is wet, the leaf is smooth, the stem of yarrow, dandelion, willow are fluffy, the iron bench is hard and cold, etc.)
5. Play the match-the-pair game with pieces of fabric.

Gymnastics and coordination development.

1. Logorhythmics - dancing to the music of the Zheleznovs and others.
2. “Walk around the room without touching objects” - moving around a room cluttered with various obstacles.
3. Learn to walk along the path (from books, ribbons, etc.).
4. Step over obstacles (raising your legs high).
5. Roll balls, cars.
6. Throw balls.
7. Learn to jump on the spot (you can learn to jump on a fitball or trampoline).
8. Kick the ball.
9. Crawl through a labyrinth (store-bought or homemade - from chairs, etc.).

10. Climb: on the playground (slides, walls, etc.) and at home: at the sports complex, on the sofa - from the sofa, climb onto a chair, etc.

11. Learn to carry various objects on a tray.

12. On the street - walk more (but do not force the child to walk if he does not want to). If a child refuses to go, it means he is tired or cannot! By the age of three, the baby will get stronger and will happily stomp long distances (tested by millions of mothers of three-year-old children), if you rush things and “force” the child to walk, this can negatively affect the development of joints and bones.

13. Walk on inclined surfaces - uphill, downhill, along a ramp, up stairs.

14. Push a cart or a toy stroller.
15. Pull objects behind you on a string.
16. Play tag with mom.
17. Fitball games according to age.
18. Simple exercises according to age, accompanied by nursery rhymes.
19. Walking massage mats and massaging surfaces (pebbles, chestnuts, sand, grass, etc.).
20. Learn to dance in a circle with your mother (closer to 2 years).
21. Hanging on rings, crossbars, walking on your hands.
23. Learn to roll a car through a “tunnel”.
24. Play different ways walking (like a bear, spreading his arms and legs wide; like a bunny, jumping; like a horse, raising his legs; like a soldier, marching).
25. Catch soap bubbles released by mom and burst them.

Role-playing games.

1. Put the doll and teddy bear to sleep (swing, eat, ah-ah).
2. Feed and wash the doll.
3. Driver - take the toy in the truck.
4. Closer to two years - playing with dishes, in the kitchen.
5. We wash and hang out laundry.
6. Depict other animals (walk like a bear, jump and croak like a frog, etc.).

Developmental exercises in everyday life.

(Perform based on the child’s abilities; the child’s interest plays a significant role; if it is not interesting, the child may refuse to complete the tasks).

1. Learn to eat with a spoon (everyone is different, we focus on the word “learn” - that is, the process is important, not the result, there is no need to force events. A very good way to master eating with a spoon is the game “pour the cereal from a bowl into cup").
2. Drink from a straw or a cup.
3. Learn to maintain cleanliness while eating (“learn” - concentrate on the process, not the result, show that spills need to be wiped up, spills should be collected, what is better not to spill on clothes, etc. Do not scold for untidiness, but teach neatness.)
4. Learn to wipe the table.
5. Learn to collect water with a sponge and wring out the sponge.
6. Carry light but large objects (“help me put the basin in place”).
7. Water the flowers (it’s best to use a watering can outside in the summer - it’s not scary to get wet and drench everything).
8. Help mom hang out the laundry (hand the clothes, hang the clothes and attach them with a clothespin).
9. Help mom prepare porridge - pour the cereal into the pan, with mom’s help, open the tap (valve) and wash the cereal, pour water into the porridge.
10. Take off your hat and mittens (some people are able to take off their socks and pants).
11. Help mom sort out bags after the store (learn the names of products, remember the places where they are, put them in place with mom).

Social skills.

All the recommendations below are very individual, the main criterion for learning social skills at this age is that most actions should be performed easily, and if there are difficulties, it means that the time has not yet come for your baby to master such skills.

1. Say hello and goodbye (by hand or voice).
2. To feel sorry (the child will learn to take actions at the mother’s request - to stroke, to truly empathize with someone else’s grief).
3. Share and change (don’t insist or force. Just teach, show by example). Do not put pressure on the child if he does not want to give up the toy - respect his right to play with his toys.
4. Help the mother (for the mother this will be a comic help, for the child it will be real help) - hang up the laundry, bring items, etc.
5. Show your child a puppet show using soft toys, in which small short scenes teach kindness, empathy, making friends, sharing, not fighting, etc.

But this list would be truly incomplete if I didn’t tell you something else:

I personally knew quite developed children whose mothers did little or no work with them. The secret of their child's development was simple - mothers loved their children very much with unconditional love, accepted them for who they are, communicated with them a lot, spent enough time fresh air and in the countryside, provided (wittingly or unwittingly) a good developmental environment (without limiting the child’s cognitive interest, they allowed him to actively explore the world around him (touch, twist, play with many objects). And the result was not long in coming!

I will add that all recommendations about when, what and how to develop in children should be applied individually. Here are sample directions for training " average"child. For each individual child, development proceeds at its own pace (sometimes in leaps and bounds), so it may happen that some skills will be more difficult for him to master (but only for now, at the moment), and some, unlike most of his peers, he will catch up jokingly. It is also worth understanding that if a child has just turned one and a half years old, many of the games and activities listed below may be more difficult for him than if he was almost two years old.

Good luck in your developmental pursuits!

Such different paper

You will need: sheets of paper of different textures (notebook sheet, landscape sheet, paper napkin).

Crumple sheets of paper one by one and involve your child in this activity. Comment: “Here is a paper napkin. Look how easily it wrinkles, this is because it is made of very thin and soft paper. Now let's try to crumple the notebook paper. Look, it’s harder to crush, it’s dense, etc.).” You can roll the crumpled sheets into balls and play snowballs with them.

In the game, the child gets acquainted with the properties of materials and develops fine motor skills.

Grab with tweezers

You will need: tweezers, cotton balls, pieces of foam rubber.

Teach your child to use tweezers. Show how you can take cotton balls and small pieces of foam rubber.

Make the game more difficult by replacing soft objects with hard ones - buttons, screws, cereals, beans, etc. You can use paper torn into small pieces. Invite your child to sort two types of objects (cotton wool, beans), placing them on different plates. In the future, you can include scraps of paper in the game different colors(sort out into groups by color), hard and soft objects, light and heavy, round and non-round, etc.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills.

Let's tear it up and collect it

You will need: paper napkins.

Let your baby tear the napkins into small pieces.

Scatter them around the table, then ask your child to use their fingers to collect the scraps into a bucket or box. In future classes, you can use paper of a different texture. To interest the baby, come up with a plot for the game, for example, fingers are birds that need to collect fluff (paper scraps) for their nests, or chickens pecking crumbs.

Much - little

You will need: two sheets of paper.

Ask the child to tear one sheet into two parts, and the other into small pieces. Comment: “Look, these are large scraps of paper, there are only two of them - that’s not enough, but there are so many small ones, there are a lot of them.”

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and introduces the child to the concepts of “a lot and a little.”

Making beads

You will need: pasta with a large opening, a lace, a large wooden needle with a wide eye.

Show your child how to thread pasta on a needle with a string. Let him try to do it himself.

A cord with pasta can be tied, making something like beads, and put on the doll.

Is it spinning?

You will need: plastic bottles and jars with screw caps.

In front of your baby, unscrew and tighten the lids on jars and bottles. Ask him to repeat your actions.

In the game, the child gets acquainted with the properties of objects and develops fine motor skills.

Learning to oversleep

You will need: any cereal, two containers with a wide hole.

After pouring the cereal into one of the containers, show your child how to pour it into an empty container with your hands.

Teach your child to pour a handful of cereal, a pinch at a time, and pass it through his fingers.

Mime again!

You will need: cereal, a container with a wide hole, a container with a narrow hole.

After the child has learned to pour cereal into a wide-necked container, make the task more difficult by providing the child with a container with a narrowed top for use.

Let the baby try to pour the cereal into small plastic jars and bottles. Screwed on with lids, they will turn into excellent rattles. Draw your child’s attention to the degree of filling: “This jar is half filled, and there is almost no empty space left in this bottle.”

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and coordination of movements.

One bean, two bean

You will need: dry beans, plastic bottle.

Take one bean at a time and drop them into the bottle.

At the same time, count: “One bean, two beans, etc.”

To prevent your child from getting bored, you can hum a song:

We take beans

We put them in a bottle.

Vanechka will have a toy -

Bean rattle.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and teaches counting.

Sorting pasta

You will need: pasta of different shapes.

Show your child what types of pasta there are: “This is a shell, this is a spiral, this is a bow, etc.” Mix them.

Ask your child to sort the pasta: shell to shell, bow to bow. Help your child complete the task.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and classification skills.

Try it, unzip it

You will need: adult clothing that fastens with buttons (raincoat, jacket, etc.).

Show your child how to button and unfasten buttons. After your baby learns to do this, move on to things with smaller buttons, then ask your baby to button and unfasten the buttons on his clothes.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and independence skills.

Apple with a button

You will need: a silhouette of a tree and an apple cut out of cardboard.

Sew a small button to the cardboard tree, and make a loop on the apple. Show your baby how to attach and unfasten the apple. Play "Hurricane" - blowing on a tree and swinging it with one hand, and with the other, unfasten the apple from it. “Bang! The wind blew the apple away and it fell to the ground.” Invite your child to be the wind - blow, shake the tree, then unfasten the apple.

Shall we draw?

You will need: a tray, fine grains or flour.

Sprinkle semolina or flour onto the tray in an even layer and show your baby how to draw on the flour with your fingers. Draw lines, draw various shapes.

Let the child draw on his own.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and creative abilities.

Button patterns

You will need: multi-colored buttons of different sizes.

Lay out a path of large buttons with your child.

As you play, name the color and shape of each button. Soon the child will remember that all buttons are round and will learn to classify objects according to one characteristic. Later in the game, buttons of different sizes are used, do not forget to compare them: “Now we take a smaller button, look how it differs from the big one, and now let’s put the smallest one - a tiny button,” etc. You can use buttons to make patterns, flowers, houses, in a word, whatever your imagination suggests. Ask your child what he would like to make out of buttons, what buttons he will play with today (large, small, red, white, etc.).

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and creative abilities of the child.

Included - not included

You will need: buttons of different sizes, a plastic bottle.

Show your child how buttons can be pushed into the neck of a bottle. Let him do it himself.

Don't suggest that a large button won't fit into the bottle; let the child make this discovery himself. After several unsuccessful attempts, the child will learn to correlate the diameter of the bottle opening and the size of the button.

The game promotes the development of fine motor skills and matching skills.