Types of knitted fabrics and their use. The elegance and softness of knitwear. Single, double and jacquard weaving

Hello, welcome to the Sewing Encyclopedia website! Today we will talk to you about the most popular material that is used to make linen, home and casual wear, if you want to learn good things from it, then it will be useful to know what types of knitwear there are, their properties, classification, weaves and care. Let's take a general look at its characteristics in order to understand how it behaves during sewing and wearing.

Types of knitwear, classification and photos

What is knitwear? This is a material that is knitted by machine, and it is not for nothing that it means “knit” in French. For its production, a wide variety of yarns are used - silk, wool, cotton, viscose, synthetics with and without elastane. It is the thread and its weave that determine the type of knitted fabric. Let's take a quick look at each of them.

French

For its manufacture, a double thread is used, which gives the knitwear density. It has little stretch, so it is used in products where it is necessary to keep its shape. Washing temperature is no more than 40ºС.

Ottoman

Knitwear is made from cotton, polyester and viscose. The material has increased elasticity and resistance to creasing, the fabric is embossed with a rib, somewhat reminiscent of corduroy, and is available in plain or print.

Oil

Its composition is polyester, lycra and viscose. Very soft, thin and elastic knitwear. It easily takes any shape, it fits quite nicely into coattails and gathers.

Jersey

Low-wrinkle and highly stretchable material. Wash in warm water and iron with a warm iron.

Lacoste

It is distinguished by a special weave of thread in the form of a mesh, due to which products made from such knitwear are well ventilated.

Dior

Quite practical knitwear made of polyamide, viscose and elastane, available in plain colors and with a cross or herringbone pattern.

Stretch

Well-stretched knitwear due to the fact that it contains spandex, when the fabric is stretched, it is clearly visible - this is a shiny thread. In addition, it comes with either nylon or cotton.

Angora

Soft and fluffy, it is made from acrylic, polyester and elastane, with or without the addition of wool.

Kapoton

Insulated, dense and voluminous material with a diamond or square stitch effect. This knitwear is also called quilted.

Cool or suprem

This is one of the thinnest knits. Externally, from the front side, the pattern resembles vertical braids. The material stretches remarkably in width, but is practically inextensible in length. Most often it is made of cotton with a small addition of lycra. Used for sewing underwear, T-shirts, sundresses, nightgowns, pajamas.

Footer

Cotton based material. It is quite thick because it is brushed on the reverse side, making the knitwear resistant to shape. Of course, they make warm clothes from it: sweatshirts, tracksuits, hats, sweaters, and so on.

Interlock

Interlock is made in the form of 1x1 elastic. Quite a thick material made of cotton, which stretches slightly, which is why its range of uses is so wide - children's clothing, home wear, sportswear, everyday wear. But if washed incorrectly, it quickly loses its shape and forms pellets. The water temperature should be no more than 40ºС.

Ribana

It is also called an eraser. I think it’s clear from the name alone that this knitwear is very elastic, and it is made with 1x1, 1x2 and 2x2 elastic, always with a small addition of lycra. It is used for making cuffs or processing necks, for example, T-shirts, but besides this, it is used to sew entire products for both adults and children. Can be washed at 30ºC. Transfers spin to washing machine, manual twisting is not advisable.

Velours

This knitwear has a fleecy surface reminiscent of velvet. It is quite durable and retains its shape for a long time, which makes it durable. The material is more suitable for sewing winter and demi-season clothing, since the pile creates additional thickness. Velor knitwear is very beautiful, it does not require special care or ironing, the main condition for its durability is washing at 30ºC.

Kashkorse

The knitted fabric is also in the form of an elastic band, however, in this case it is larger. Usually its composition is mixed: cotton, synthetics, lycra or spandex. Just like ribana, it is used to process the neckline, sleeves, is used as binding and, of course, for sewing adult or children's clothing.

Fleece

Made from polyester and resembles a sheared sheep wool. Fleece is used quite often as a lining fabric, however, it is also widely used in sewing a variety of products: thermal underwear, coats, jackets, sweatshirts, clothing for animals. This knitted fabric is washable washing machine at 40ºС, comes out almost dry and does not need ironing. However, it stretches quite quickly and loses its shape.

Velsoft

Very thick brushed fabric made of polyamide. The pile does not lose its appearance for a long time and does not form pellets. This material has a wide range of applications: women's, men's, children's clothing, blankets, bedspreads, towels. In general, this knitwear is a great competitor to terry fabrics.

Pique

Its type of weave is very reminiscent of a honeycomb, and is made primarily from cotton fabrics, although rayon can be used. Quite often, cotton pique is used to make polo T-shirts, but silk pique is used to make dresses. It is important to wash at a low temperature because the material shrinks a lot.

Biflex

Knitwear is made from nylon with the addition of lycra, stretches in all directions, is bright and quite durable, and is used for sewing dance costumes, swimsuits, gymnastics and circus clothing.

Openwork

It is made on the basis of interlock, ribana or kulirka. The pattern is created by using a yarn over and skipped stitches.

Terry cloth

Cotton knitwear with pile in the form of loose large loops, they can be on one side or on both sides. Ironing is contraindicated for this material.

Plush

The fabric is made with stretched small loops. By the way, this is the only knitwear that is better not to be washed, but to be dry cleaned.

Selanik

Thick knitted fabric made of a mixture of synthetics and cotton, the front side of which has an eraser, and the back has a fleece.

Jacquard

This material uses a complex weave to create a pattern. Its composition can be very diverse, as can its application.

Gipel

Lightweight and elastic material made of cotton and lycra with a specific weave that forms a beautiful pattern.

Composition of knitted fabric

As I already wrote above, knitted fabrics are produced from a wide variety of threads - natural, synthetic, artificial, and can also contain a mixed version.

Natural knitwear

The most popular option is cotton. It is well breathable, soft, pleasant to the body and does not cause irritation. This knitwear is easy to care for and easy to sew, the main thing is to use a special needle when working with it, otherwise after the first wash, holes will appear along the seam from the threads being torn during the sewing process.

Wool is also quite simple to sew, however, decating is required before work, i.e., pre-soaking and drying the material to avoid shrinkage of the finished product.

In terms of wear resistance, natural fabrics occupy the last place; they are not durable and wear out quickly.

Synthetic knitwear

Its advantages are that it is machine washable and dries quickly. The disadvantage is the ability to electrify, form pellets and cause irritation.

Combined knitwear

It combines natural and synthetic threads, thereby improving the properties of knitted fabric, such as wear resistance and durability, but at the same time it gets a small problem in the form of pills, which must constantly be dealt with, otherwise the product loses its attractiveness.

Properties of knitwear

Knitwear is very popular today due to its main property: knitted fabric stretches easily and takes any shape without any problems, which helps when sewing products for complex shapes. He easily repeats all body movements without constraining them.

Some types of fabric do not fray at the edges, which allows you to do without overcasting the edges when sewing on a regular machine. However, there are other options when the material does not crumble easily, but shoots arrows, and in the process of work they need to be constantly lifted.

The specific weave of the material allows you to create clothes for both winter and summer, while maintaining a comfortable temperature at any time of the year. And caring for it is absolutely simple, the main thing is to follow all the recommendations for this or that type of knitwear.

But its disadvantage is the same pellets that need to be constantly cut with scissors or use a special machine for these purposes. Let's add to this list quick stretching and the ability to highlight all figure defects.

Types of knitwear weave

Knitwear weaves are divided into two categories:

• Culinary
• Warp knitted

In turn, the weave is divided into satin stitch, eraser and double-sided weave.

1. Surface has a clearly defined back and face. The front side takes on the appearance of a braid, it is always smooth to the touch, and the back side is rough due to the waves. Material with this weave stretches in width and has little stretch in length.
2. Eraser- elastic fabric knitted with 1x1, 1x2 or 2x2 elastic. It always contains lycra or elastane. They allow the product or a certain area of ​​it to retain its shape for a long time. Another important property of the eraser is that it does not wrinkle.
3. Double-sided- material that does not stretch or unravel, is the same on both sides.

In a warp weave, all warp threads are knitted separately with a shift of several needles, resulting in inclined loops in the form of arcs or sticks. It is also divided into subcategories.

1. Atlas- the shift is performed in both directions during weaving, resulting in a zigzag pattern. I sew curtains and bed linen from this knitwear.
2. Tights- there is a shift in one row and in one direction.
3. Sukon- the peculiarity of this weave is that the front side is the back side, since the face does not look aesthetically pleasing.
4. Chain- this type of weave allows you to make decorative fringe.

When sewing knitwear products, it is necessary to take into account the fact that they are all divided into one-sided, that is, they have a face and a back, as well as double-sided, where the front can be either side.

Knitwear care

You bought the material and sewed the product, but in order for it to please you for a long time, you need to correctly approach such an issue as care.

I think everyone knows that it is better to wash knitwear by hand, but today manufacturers of washing machines have introduced the “Hand Wash” function into their program, which is very helpful in life, but if you wash it by hand, do not twist it, otherwise it may become deformed and lose its shape . However, no matter what washing method you choose, you need to remember that the water temperature should be no more than 40ºC.

You should not dry knitted items on a line; it is better to lay them out on a special horizontal dryer, especially if the item has a loose weave.

It is worth ironing only if things become wrinkled, but it is better not to do this at all. Why?

• Some types of matings may lose their volume.
• The knitted product is stretched under the iron.
• If the composition includes acrylic, then during the ironing process, difficult-to-remove varnishes - shine - can form on the canvas. Therefore, it is better not to use an iron on such things; in extreme cases, iron only from the wrong side.

Clothes must be stored horizontally and should never be hung on a hanger. In the area of ​​the shoulders it will stretch out and it will no longer be possible to remove the resulting bulge.

Well, the topic of types of knitwear, classification, turned out to be quite extensive, but I think you found it interesting and useful. Good luck!

It is impossible to imagine a modern person's wardrobe without knitwear. Everyone wears such clothes - both adults and children. Women are especially partial to knitted items. After all, this best way emphasize the slimness of your figure and at the same time feel comfortable and confident in any weather and on any occasion.

So what is knitwear and how did it appear in our wardrobe?

To answer this question, we suggest going back to the origins.

One of the oldest ways to create clothes was knitting. Knitwear is translated from French as “knitted items”. It is not entirely correct to consider it a fabric; it is not woven, but knitted. Here it is more correct to use the term “knitted fabric”.

Like everything in our world, this textile material owes its appearance to love. There is a beautiful legend about a Catholic priest whose beloved earned her living by knitting stockings. Events developed in the second half of the 16th century in England. The girl had to knit day and night; there was practically no time even for short dates. The man suffering from loneliness had no choice but to invent the world's first knitting machine.

Alas, even after the mechanization of the process, knitwear was not recognized in high society. It remained the clothing of the poor, due to its unpresentable appearance, accessible raw materials and cheap production.

Only centuries later were people able to appreciate all the advantages of this practical and convenient material. Knitwear was placed on the pedestal of world fashion by two famous women of the 20th century - Elsa Schiaparelli and Coco Chanel.

One day, the future “knitwear princess” Elsa Schiaparelli saw her friend wearing a sweater knitted by a simple peasant woman. She was impressed by how elegant this crudely crafted piece looked on a refined female figure. An aspiring fashion designer sought out a needlewoman. Their meeting in the 20s of the last century and subsequent cooperation led to the creation of the first knitwear factory and the founding of the fashion house of Schiaparelli, which first made knitted sportswear popular, and then the knitted black evening dress.

Coco Chanel is another godmother of knitwear. This material perfectly corresponded to the principle of “luxurious simplicity”, which she actively promoted in the fashion world.

Knitwear - what kind of material is it?

I hope that after everything you have read above, you want to get to know the main character of our article better, feel his pleasant texture, personally see his elasticity, practicality, ability to perfectly fit his figure, stretch well and take his previous shape... Oh, he has many advantages! And one of the main ones is the natural composition and variety of species.

So, knitwear is a fabric knitted using special machines, consisting of tightly intertwined loops.

Jersey composition

A wide variety of materials are used as raw materials for the production of knitted fabrics:

• natural (cotton, wool, linen, silk);
• artificial (acetate, viscose and its varieties)
• synthetic (lycra, polyester, elastane)

High-quality knitwear always has a natural base. And in order to enhance the beneficial characteristics of future knitted products, a certain percentage of synthetic fibers is added to the composition. For example, cotton in pure form can wrinkle a lot, but if you add 5% lycra to the composition, the material will become more “obedient” - it will stretch easily, and after stretching it will easily take its previous shape. In addition, natural fibers are not strong and durable, but in combination with artificial threads they will provide an excellent wear-resistant material.

Therefore, it is best to choose knitwear with a combined composition.

Types of knitwear

Due to the variety of materials that can be included in the fabric, as well as due to the different knitting methods, today we have a great variety of types of knitwear. It is simply impossible to list everything in one article. Let’s look at the most beloved and in demand among both manufacturers and consumers:

• cooler or kulir stitch;
• footer;
• interlock;
• pique;
• velours;
• mahra;
• ribana;
• capitonium;
• angora;
• velsoft.

Kulirny smooth surface is a thin and smooth cotton fabric, light, hygroscopic, “breathable”. The structure of the design on the front side resembles “braids”, and on the back side it resembles “bricks”.

The cooler is ideal for sewing summer dresses and sundresses, home clothes, T-shirts and children's clothes. Synthetic additives not exceeding 10% (for example, lycra) improve the quality of the material, making it more elastic and durable.

There is a “minus” - the stockinette is subject to shrinkage after washing, it is better to purchase such products in a larger size.

Footer is another popular knitted cotton fabric. On the front side it resembles a smooth cooler, and on the back it has a soft and pleasant to the touch fleece. It can be two-thread or three-thread, with light or thick fleece, it holds heat well and absorbs moisture.

Footer is used to make both summer shorts and warm winter clothes. The material is distinguished by its density and ability to hold its shape. Great for sewing tracksuits, trousers, jumpers, outerwear for children.

Interlock is a fairly dense material made of 100% cotton, the structure resembles a knitted 1x1 elastic band, the same on the front and back sides.

It stretches weakly, more in width than in length. Incredibly soft and gentle in feel, does not irritate the skin. It is for this reason that it is good for the production of clothing even for newborn children. Interlock is also used to make underwear for men and women, dressing gowns, lounge pants and suits.

Pique - the structure resembles a “waffle pattern”, the composition is cotton, maybe with the addition of synthetics. The fabric is known for its strength, good breathability and hygroscopicity, the ability to retain its original appearance for a long time. appearance and color.

This type of knitwear is used to make sportswear, T-shirts, popular polo shirts, uniforms, and there is a special children's pique for the production of children's clothing.

Velor is a very dense knitted fabric with a soft fleecy surface.

Based on their composition, there are cotton, wool and synthetic velor.

Things made of velor do not wrinkle or stretch, thanks to the pile they provide good warmth in cool weather, and because of their softness they provide a very comfortable feeling when worn.

In our wardrobes you can most often find velor robes, suits, trousers, sweaters and jumpers.

Terry is another type of knitwear with pile. But the composition is always natural - cotton, linen, bamboo.

We love terry clothes for their environmental friendliness and hypoallergenicity, super ability to absorb moisture, pleasant texture to the touch, because they do not shrink, do not deform when washed, do not fade and remain new for a long time.

Terry robes, towels and socks, clothes for babies, home suits - this is the area of ​​application of this delicate and fluffy material.

Ribana is most often used for sewing T-shirts, tank tops, underwear and children's clothes. I also use it to process necklines and decorate clothes with cuffs and ribbed inserts.

This is natural cotton material. A small addition of synthetic fibers makes the fabric more elastic and resilient. Externally, the fabric resembles an elastic band knitted 1x1.

Capitonium is a very dense knitted fabric, consisting of several layers, between which the thinnest insulation is enclosed. Externally, the material looks voluminous, thanks to a special pattern in the form of diamonds or squares. Contains 100% cotton.

A homemade capitonium robe will pleasantly warm you in cool weather. The material will give a feeling of comfort and guarantees the product's durability. Despite the high density, the fabric is breathable, the skin in such clothes will breathe.

Kapitoniy is now at the peak of popularity. Jackets, sweatshirts, sweatshirts and casual dresses from this textured type of knitwear.

Angora is a very soft, delicate and fluffy material from which warm clothes for children and adults are sewn. The composition can be very diverse, but the main ingredient is goat or rabbit fluff.

Pros:

• pleasant tactile sensations;
• lightness and weightlessness;
• warmth and comfort.

Of the minuses:

• fragility;
• susceptibility to abrasion;
• afraid of moths;
• demanding proper care;

Clothing made from this type of knitwear is unlikely to be cheap, but it will become the most beloved and in demand. Angora is used to make everything from socks and hats to elegant dresses, skirts, turtlenecks and sweaters.

Velsoft is a new generation synthetic knitwear. And don’t let its unnatural base scare you. It is in no way inferior in its positive characteristics to natural terry or velor fabrics.

Things made from this fleecy material, which is also called microfiber, differ:

• pleasant softness and lightness;
• density and elasticity;
• ability to retain heat well and allow air to pass through;
• Velsoft does not fade and retains color for a long time.

It is used to make clothes for babies, home suits, warm comfortable robes and sweaters, blankets, hats and much more.

This concludes our introductory excursion into the rich world of knitwear. It remains to answer one question that often worries people who are planning to purchase their favorite knitwear item.

Does knitwear stretch or not?

Yes, this material has the ability to stretch. The degree of elongation depends on the type of knitwear. And this property can be both a positive and a negative quality.

Thanks to its elasticity, knitwear can take any shape, clothing fits correctly even on a non-standard figure, does not hinder movement, wrinkles less, and lasts longer.

The downside is that if you wash a knitted item incorrectly, roughly wring it out, or store it hanging in a closet for a long time, it can become deformed due to its stretchability.

First, you can give a little advice: when purchasing a knitted item, turn it inside out and study the contents of the sewn-in label; here you will definitely find recommendations for proper care of the product.

It is probably rare to meet a person who does not have several knitwear items in his wardrobe. This elastic soft fabric is among the favorites of many fashion designers and fashion houses. Knitwear is universal, and depending on the composition, it can turn into a light summer dress, T-shirt or skirt, and into a thick enough blouse for autumn or winter.

Its ability to take any shape and smoothly adapt to various bends is due to the way the threads are connected. Using a special knitting machine, loops are obtained and connected, hence the name of the fabric - knitwear can be translated from French as “knit”.

Types of knitwear

This fabric has many variations. The material can be classified by:

• Composition. There is knitwear made from natural fibers(cotton, wool, silk), synthetic and combined version. The last one is the best. The mixture of natural and synthetic raw materials makes knitwear more wear-resistant and durable, while maintaining all the qualities of the natural material.
• Finishing method. Knitwear is first raw (without finishing), then it is processed, impurities are removed and the color is made uniform - this is bleached. Then there is room for creativity, if it is given one color - plain-dyed knitwear, if there are several colors, then it is called variegated knitted.
• Structure and weave of threads.

This wonderful material has many positive qualities.

Properties of knitwear

• This matter is practical.
• Knitwear easily takes the shape of the body.
• With any combination of components, this fabric turns out soft, delicate and pleasant to the touch.
• The addition of a synthetic component made this material strong and durable.
• Knitwear practically does not require any special care.
• Available in a wide variety of colors.
• Knitwear does not accumulate static electricity.
• It is highly hygroscopic.
• Permeable to air.

Perhaps the only negative property of knitwear may be that it emphasizes figure flaws.

Knitwear is a universal material produced on knitting machines by a special method of interweaving fibers of different compositions. Modern knitwear manufacturers offer a wide variety of types, varying in type of weaving and composition. Knitwear has many faces - among its varieties are jersey, elastic, footer imitating suede, terry, butter, stitch, corn, pikachu, disco, supplex, knitted, viscose knitwear, and angora. That is why it is so popular when sewing various products.

The history of knitted weaving

Knitwear is translated from French as “knit”. Its history began many centuries ago. 300 BC - the first finds of remains of knitted fabrics date back to this age. Modern industrial production began in Europe in the 19th century with the creation of the first knitting machines.

Types of knitwear and its features

When making knitwear, various components are added to the composition. Cotton, linen, wool and silk threads are used as the basis. They use additives of acetate, viscose and its modifications, and to enhance some properties, synthetics come to the rescue - lycra, elastane and polyester fibers. This is due to the fact that knitwear containing pure cotton quickly loses its shape, attractiveness, wrinkles and wears out quickly, while additional components successfully combat its shortcomings.

The key feature of knitwear is its recognizable loop structure, which differs in the weaving characteristics:

• Warp knitted

It is formed by a bundle of fibers called the warp. The base is represented by several loops, knitted separately, which allows the knitted fabric not to unravel.

• Cross knitted

The loops of one row are knitted sequentially and are straight. The disadvantage of this fabric is that it can unravel in any direction, however, it can withstand stretching well in the transverse direction.

• Single (one-sided), double and jacquard

These weaves influence the appearance of the knitted surface. At the same time, single-sided knitwear has a different face and back, double-sided knitwear looks the same on both sides, and jacquard has a zigzag voluminous texture.

Advantages and disadvantages of knitted fabrics

The properties of the material depend on its composition, however, there is a list of mandatory positive qualities for which we love knitwear so much:

• comfortable sensations from contact with the skin;
• active permeability of the fabric by air allows for increased wearing comfort;
• optimal ability to absorb excess moisture;
• sufficient strength makes the product durable and wear-resistant;
• color variety and stable effect of dyes;
• affordable price.

There are no shortcomings that significantly affect the fabric. The only nuance is the ability of the fabric to fit the figure well. This must be taken into account when purchasing knitwear products if your figure cannot boast of ideal shapes.

Features of caring for knitwear products

Knitted clothing is always accompanied by a label indicating the composition and care instructions. By following them, you can maintain an attractive appearance for a long time. Before starting “water” procedures, you should check the product for the presence of pellets and be sure to remove them manually or using a special machine.

• Washing: We recommend washing knitwear by hand, with pre-soaking for 20-30 minutes. Both washing and soaking should be carried out at a water temperature of 30 º C. Detergents choose liquid ones.
• Spin: Do not twist the product using excessive physical force. Just wrap it in a dry towel and squeeze lightly.
• Drying: performed in a horizontal position, away from direct sunlight.
• Ironing: Switch the iron to steam mode and, without touching the surface, smooth with steam. If the fabric has pile, print or embroidery, we recommend doing it from the inside out. Smooth surfaces can be steamed from the front side. Sometimes a product may stretch during washing, in which case you can iron it using a damp cloth as an ironing iron. If a sweater or turtleneck has lost its shape, you can “dry” it on yourself by wearing it in a slightly damp, but not wet, state.

Store knitted clothing folded on shelves and do not leave it hanging on hangers for a long time, as the product may lose its original shape at the contact points.

The quality and use of knitwear depend on the composition of the fabric and the method of weaving
Weave gives certain characteristics to knitwear, therefore, when creating fabrics for different types Various weaving methods are used for products.
But we will not consider weaves; we will rather consider knitwear by names that you can find in a fabric store. It will be more practical this way.
Let's start with how to distinguish knitwear from regular fabric. You may not know, but not all types of knitwear have stretch, so stretchability is not the only sign of knitwear.
I have a coat made of wool jersey that did not stretch either lengthwise or crosswise. The coat wore well for 8 years, if not more, without deformation. It's still a shame to throw it away. If it weren’t for the obvious loops on the surface of the fabric, I would never have called the fabric of the coat knitwear.
So, if you see that the fabric is an interlacing of loops, then this is knitwear (in contrast to fabric, which is formed as a result of the mutual interweaving of two systems of threads located in two mutually perpendicular directions).
Read the article, look at the pictures, and you will understand how knitwear differs from each other and which one to use for which products.

(If I called knitwear “fabric” somewhere, please forgive me for the typo, since knitwear is a fabric)

So, knitwear differs in composition, structure, finishing methods and weave.
I will try not to go too far into the jungle of materials science. Let's go over it briefly.

The composition of knitwear can be: cotton, wool, synthetic and combined.

Knitwear with a certain amount of synthetic fibers (elastane, for example) performs best in wear and care.

Kulirka or kulirka smooth surface- the thinnest cotton knitted fabric. Cotton is often diluted with lycra. The quality of this version of the finished fabric is in no way inferior to the usual one, but it increases its elasticity by an order of magnitude, which only expands the boundaries of the use of the material.

Comfortable underwear, soft knitted breeches and cropped trousers, men's t shirts- not everything that can be sewn from a kulirka.

The cooler keeps its shape well, does not shrink, does not stretch out after washing, and is easy to care for. Despite its thinness, it has sufficient strength and has a front and back side.

This is what the front side of the cooler looks like if you look closely:

Here's the wrong side:

The CUTTLE can be RUSHED. Then it is a smooth knitted fabric made of synthetic yarn with a brushed surface. Most often, brushed kulirka is used when sewing jumpers and turtlenecks for women and girls.

Knitted stitch with the addition of lycra (thin elastic cotton fabric) is called suprem

Interlock is a low-elastic knitted fabric made from cotton fibers. It happens that mixed or synthetic fibers are added, but this can no longer be called interlock. The name of the fabric comes from the type of weave.

Interlock is denser than other knitwear. Fabric density: from 180 to 210 g/m2.

Interlock is a non-elastic knitted fabric with a ribbed or raised structure, smooth on both sides.

T-shirts, T-shirts, and polo shirts are made from interlock. This fabric is very soft and delicate, so it can even be used for sewing linen: pajamas, nightgowns.

The material has increased thermal insulation, which means it will keep your body warm and comfortable in any weather. In addition, convenience also lies in the fact that the clothes practically do not stretch or unravel, and this has a beneficial effect on its service life.

A special feature of interlock is the absence of “arrows”, which often plague knitted items when manufacturers skimp on special needles. Literally a couple of washes and the loops begin to “go” along the seams, which greatly spoils the appearance and has a bad effect on the wear life of the product.

When cutting, the edges of the interlock do not curl, which is very convenient.

Interlock is quite sensitive to the washing process, choose delicate modes or hand wash, this will prevent the appearance of puffs and pilling.

The temperature should be no more than 40 degrees, otherwise white things will turn gray over time, and colored ones will lose their colors.

The items should be wrung out in the washing machine - this is the most gentle way.

Pique is a knitted fabric made mainly from cotton yarn, but can also be made from chemical fibers.

Look at the polo shirt from the famous Lacoste company and you will understand what pique is.

This is a dense, rough-to-the-touch material that is traditionally used for sewing polo shirts. The front side is in the form of scars or honeycombs.

The fabric is durable, wrinkle-free, and tolerates machine washing well. Requires starching after washing.

Pique can be bleached, colored or printed.

Sewn from cotton pique summer dresses, costumes, summer hats, children's clothing, linen. Also suitable for trim, collars, etc.

Artificial silk pique is available with longitudinal ribs on the front side. It is used for dresses and other outerwear.

Pique can be “combed” on the reverse side. It is also used for sewing sportswear and children's clothing.

Footer is a dense and medium-density fabric, smooth on the front side and brushed on the back, produced plain-dyed, printed and melange.

It is used for sewing children's suits, children's and adult jumpers. This material makes excellent warm clothes, underwear, bathrobes, etc.

It's all about the inner layer of this fabric, which most often consists of combed pile. Since it is a natural material, the footer is able to allow air to pass through.

The fabric is resistant to puffs and pellets.

The pile can be obvious and unnoticeable. There may even be loops on the wrong side. It has two types of density: two-thread and three-thread.

Footer is mainly used to make sportswear. Usually a thin footer is used. The material is strong enough to withstand significant loads during physical exercise.

Ribana (with the addition of lycra or elastic is called “eraser”) is a fairly dense (170 – 360 g/m²) elastic knitted cotton fabric, with a fine ribbed finish.

Special knitting machines alternate between knit and purl loops 1X1, so both sides are “front”.

Special programs allow you to knit openwork or perforated knitwear.

The rib does not twist, which is very convenient when cutting.

Ribana can be plain-dyed or printed.

It is made from 100% cotton, or with the addition of viscose, lycra, or polyester to give the material elasticity. By adding elastane, a particularly soft and elastic fabric is obtained, from which underwear for newborns is sewn.

It is used to make children's and home clothes, nightgowns and sleeping suits, vests and panties, pajamas and hats, wonderful cuffs and collars for turtlenecks. They even make outerwear.

Ribana is used for finishing; cuffs, collars, and the neck of products are made from it.

Products made from ribana hold their shape perfectly, while products made from pure cotton are a little worse. This knitwear does not shrink and withstands a large number of washes.

At proper care it does not deform and retains its original appearance.

Products made from ribana have a corrugated structure that perfectly absorbs moisture. The material “breathes”, warms well, preventing the body from overheating.

Even a beginner can sew from ribana, but the machine must have an overlock mode, as the edges “crumble.” You need to sew the parts together with a special knitwear needle with a rounded tip. If you use regular, sharp needles, tiny holes will form in the material and after several washes, arrows will appear along the seams.

Products made from ribana are easy to care for and can be washed at a temperature of 30 C.
It can withstand any washing regime. Tolerates machine spin.
When twisting by hand, the weaving is disrupted and the products may lose their decorative effect.

Cashkorse and knitwear-noodles

These types of knitwear are relatives of rib, they are also knitted with alternating knits and purls, but not 1x1, like rib, but 2x2, like English rib and wider (knitted noodles).

These fabrics have good breathability. It is used when sewing turtlenecks, outerwear, children's clothes, in general, any clothing.

It is cash corse that is most often used to make cuffs, necks of turtlenecks, and lower waistbands of pullovers. The products are completely sewn from knitted noodles.

The composition of the fiber can be different: from 100% cotton to 95% elastane or polyester, plus an admixture of viscose.

Cash corse can also be brushed.

Openwork - knitwear with a patterned weave, where loop skipping is used.

Openwork of various shapes and patterns can be based on kulirka, interlock, ribana.

It is used for sewing jumpers, jackets, vests, dresses, skirts, and underwear.

WAFFLE – a thin fabric (based on a cooler) with “cells” production, made from cotton yarn.

Very often used when sewing nursery products. Skirts, jumpers, dresses, jackets and other outerwear items are also made from it.

VELOR is a medium-density fabric with low, very thick and soft pile, produced with a smooth surface, with a raised or ribbed surface, and is used for sewing children's clothing and sets for newborns.

Dense, warm, wear-resistant, wrinkle-resistant material - pleasant and practical in all respects. In addition, it looks very aesthetically pleasing and expensive and therefore belongs to premium materials

Velor knitwear is usually created from natural cotton, but even if inclusions of polyester or lycra are used, the layer adjacent directly to the skin - the famous velor pile - is always made from cotton.

The combination of tenderness and strength is the hallmark of velor. Things from it, even after many years, look like new. They are warm, comfortable and cozy. Therefore, velor is rightfully one of the confident leaders among knitwear.

Terry cloth(colloquial name - “terry”) is a natural fabric, the surface of which consists of pile (loops of the main threads).

The pile can be either single (one-sided) or double (double-sided).

In addition to single-sided and double-sided, there are also fabrics with a relief pattern in the structure of terry and fabric with cut pile (cropped terry).

Terry fabrics are usually less dense than pile fabrics. Unlike pure pile ones, their pile arises due to the free supply of loops of a loosely stretched base, which is why they are, as a rule, less stable and uniform. However, this feature does not in any way spoil the characteristic qualities of terry knitwear.

Due to its unique natural qualities and ability to absorb moisture well, allowing the body to breathe freely, terry cloth is used to make robes, towels, slippers, summer and winter clothes, bed linen, bathing sheets, orthopedic insoles, mattresses and pillows, various covers for bedding and other individual accessories.

Terry fabrics can have different densities, thread twist and loop height, and the appearance and quality of the terry product depend on them.

It is usually made from cotton, linen, and, less commonly, bamboo.

Products made from terry knitwear are easy to care for. The only restriction for terry products is that ironing is contraindicated for them. Ironed terry cloth looks unnatural and extremely untidy.

Plush is called knitwear with a pile formed by enlarged broaches of loops.

Sometimes they write that plush and terry are interchangeable concepts, but this is not entirely true.

Terry is a light and loose fabric.

In plush, the loops are under tension, while in terry, they are created due to the free flow of a slightly stretched warp.

Thus, although these canvases have a similar appearance, they have different characteristics and uses.
Plush knitwear can be cross- and warp-knitted, as well as smooth and patterned.

Plush is used for decorative purposes, sewing women's clothing, masquerade and theatrical costumes, furniture upholstery, and occasionally upholstery for car interiors.

Its pile is located over the entire surface or in individual areas. Compared to velvet, the pile of plush is less dense and higher.

Plush products require careful care. They are very capricious and any wrong action can permanently ruin the appearance of the product.

In order for a plush product to retain its original characteristics for a long time, you must follow the following rules:
For plush products, dry cleaning is recommended;
If you decide to wash the item yourself, under no circumstances should you unscrew it;
For ironing, the “Vertical steam” function is recommended;
Regular ironing can ruin the appearance;
Do not use rough brushes or strong detergents to remove dirt.

KAPITONIYA (capiton) is an insulated, three-layer knitted fabric with a diamond-shaped stitch effect.

Since it is a natural material, it not only warms the body, but also allows air to pass through and allows the skin to breathe. Composition - 100% cotton.

Capitonia is used for sewing children's dressing gowns and sets for newborns. It is produced plain-dyed and printed.

Fleece and Polar (polartek) are synthetic fabrics that are soft, lightweight and do not fade in the sun.

What is the difference between fleece and polar? According to the data that I found, polar is a fleece that was created by the American company Malden-Mills Industries.

Polar more high quality than fleece, but these qualities are similar, so I will describe both of these fabrics together. I write “polar”, read “and fleece”.

Jackets, hats, sweatshirts and even bedspreads are made from polar and fleece.

Unlike natural fabrics, polar can be exposed to frost, sun or moisture for a long time. Polar products retain their appearance even after large quantities washes

Polar does not absorb moisture well, during active physical activity can accumulate heat and release it when the intensity of the load drops.

Polar is good for making mountaineering and hiking equipment, suits for winter fishing, hunting and sports.

Polar is comfortable to wear, it does not restrict movement and is suitable even for those people who suffer from allergies.

Like everyone else synthetic fabrics, polar is prone to the accumulation of static electricity, and if the canvas has not undergone special treatment, it will easily melt and catch fire - the slightest spark is enough to form a hole with melted edges.

At its core, polar is a knitted fabric with a complicated structure.

The material is dimensional stable, wrinkle-resistant compared to other polyester fibers, and does not stretch well.

Polar retains heat well, which is explained by the structure of the fibers - a high air content in certain “air chambers”. In terms of its ability to retain heat, polar is not inferior to wool.

Rules for caring for fleece and polar products.

As mentioned above, fleece is a very unpretentious and wear-resistant material, but even it needs proper care, here are its main rules:
Wash fleece products by hand or in a machine in a delicate or gentle cycle at a water temperature not exceeding 40 ° C, more high temperature will damage the item, and at 60°C the fleece will lose its qualities irrevocably.
It is strictly not recommended to twist the product, it is better to gently squeeze it out
It is better to use liquid detergents that do not contain bleach. The ideal option is liquid powders for delicate washing;
Dry fleece items naturally: hang and let the water drain. It is strictly forbidden to dry fleece in a washing machine using a spinner, or in a dryer, as well as on radiators, heaters, near heat sources, over a fire;
Under no circumstances should products made from this material be ironed: at a temperature of +60 °C, the fibers simply begin to melt, and this process is irreversible.

Angora is a soft, cozy, fleecy fabric.

The composition may contain angora, and the fabric may also be without added wool, but with imitation of angora.

Angora can be plain, melange, or with a pattern. Jumpers, dresses, cardigans, and jackets are made from angora.

Plain Angora knitwear is a warm, soft and pleasant to the touch material.

The material is called knitted due to its special weaving. The fabric composition includes 50% acrylic fiber, 45% polyester and 5% elastane.

The surface of the knitted fabric is fleecy and delicate, and therefore suitable for sewing various women's clothing, including jackets, sweaters, jumpers and cardigans.

Jacquard is a fabric made of cotton, as well as synthetic or mixed yarn. It has a complex weave invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard (1801)

To make jacquard fabric, linen, wool, silk, cotton, modern polyester fibers and various combinations of them are used.

Double dense jacquard weave gives it high strength. The fabric is slightly stretchable and retains its color perfectly even under the influence of large temperature changes.

Used for sewing various clothes: casual and dressy.

Caring for jacquard products:
Machine wash or hand wash at 30 degrees with neutral powder without bleach
Do not wring out, just let the water drain and dry
Do not twist, squeeze. Can be washed in the washing machine
Iron only from the inside out

Jersey is a type of single jersey.

The canvas has flat vertical “braids” on one side and dense “brickwork” on the other, with a very fine loop pitch.

Jersey got its name from its place of birth - the island of Jersey, which is located in the English Channel, between England and France. A local breed of sheep provided wool from which a special knitted fabric was produced.

The jersey stretches in width and practically does not stretch in length. Used for sewing shirts, dresses and other outerwear. The fabric has the property of flowing softly over the body and “fitting” it perfectly.

Came into fashion with light hand Gabrielle Chanel. The jersey is soft and pleasant to the touch.

Initially a pure wool material, later it began to be produced from cotton, silk, flax and their mixtures. Later invented artificial and synthetic fibers were also woven into this fabric. And each new combination added new properties and characteristics. Only the basic properties remained constant and unchanged: softness, low creasing, drape, elasticity, stretching along the warp is less than along the weft.

Even without the addition of synthetics and finishing, jersey hardly wrinkles. At the same time, the knitted fabric tends to stretch in width across the loop columns, much more than along them. This property is associated with production technology and is one of the defining properties.

Drapability also remains unchanged: this property means that jersey can gather into soft folds and flow beautifully, but at the same time it will not keep the folds strict and ironed.

The remaining properties directly depend on the composition of the knitted fabric. So, for example, jersey made from natural silk will be thin, shiny and extremely pleasant to the touch, jersey made from cotton fibers will be very hygroscopic and unstable, the addition of polyurethane threads will increase elasticity, and viscose will reduce moisture resistance.

It’s easy to determine that this is jersey: you need to make a cut across the fabric and the jersey will begin to curl, and if you stretch it in this place, a significant bend will form.

Various varieties of jersey are used to make everything from underwear to outerwear. The most famous area of ​​its application is women's and children's clothing.

Thanks to its color fastness, wrinkle resistance, softness, jersey has conquered all modern styles clothes.

Dresses with fun summer colors, gracefully draped evening dresses, business suits, a cozy house dress...

Caring for jersey products directly depends on their exact composition. General recommendations can be conveyed literally in two words:
Do not wash in very hot water and do not iron with an extremely hot iron.

Selanik is a dense knitted fabric made of cotton and synthetic fibers, the front side of which is a large eraser, the back side is combed.

Selanik items are very soft and pleasant to the touch.

You can sew jumpers, bathrobes, etc. from it. It is used for making children's clothing: overalls, rompers, sweaters, children's trousers.

Soft to the touch, selanic products are comfortable to wear and easy to care for.

Selanik is also used to make sportswear.

Velsoft is a soft pile fabric for the most delicate things, used for the production of home clothes. For its production, thin polyester thread is used, which allows us to produce a fabric that is very durable, with long pile, but at the same time very light.

It is used in the production of dressing gowns, home suits, and blankets.

Viscose is a knitted fabric used for sewing a wide variety of products: blouses, T-shirts, blouses, turtlenecks.

Contains viscose. Stretches great. Good hygroscopicity. Does not accumulate static electricity. Has bright colors.

Viscose combined with elastane

The elasticity of viscose itself does not exceed 2-3%. If elastane is added to the fibers, the fabric becomes elastic.

Elastane is added to knitwear in small quantities. With a ratio of 95% viscose and 5% elastane, the fabric stretches well. This composition is suitable for sewing women's and sportswear.

Viscose oil

By adding polyester to viscose, “butter” knitwear is obtained. The material is a soft knitted fabric, pleasant to the touch. Products made from butter fit the figure well and are used in sewing dresses, skirts and blousons with flowing or form-fitting shapes.

Supplex is a synthetic material with a lot of lycra, so it stretches well in all directions. The fabric may also contain synthetic fibers such as nylon, elastane, lurex, microfiber.

Due to its high elasticity, it is widely used in the clothing industry.

The color range of supplex is very wide, which makes it possible to use it for sewing circus and theater outfits, as well as sports and swimwear. In addition, it is possible to sew beautiful ball gowns from supplex.

The use of this material for sewing stage costumes is explained by the fact that it is very elastic, so it does not restrict the movements of the artists. The knitwear is very bright and festive, and this is what is needed for the stage.

This knitwear also glows brightly in neon lights, so it always looks great on stage.

Sometimes supplex is called lycra, elastane or spandex.

This is a mistake. Since supplex is the name of the fabric, and lycra (elastane) is the fiber that is added to or from which fabrics are made.

Let's look at elastane at the same time.

Elastane (lycra, spandex) is a polyurethane synthetic fiber similar in properties to rubber.

Elastane is rarely used in its pure form. Its fibers are very thin but strong.

Most often it is combined with other natural or synthetic materials to give them elasticity and flexibility, and all because of its amazing ability to stretch 6-8 times its own size. The higher the percentage of fibers in the product, the higher its mobility.

Elastane in women's clothing simply irreplaceable. What else besides tight shorts, short tops and bright swimsuits will emphasize beauty and dignity? slim figure?

Sportswear and dance costumes are also made from fabrics with elastane. The fabric, which includes lycra, is breathable, it “breathes”, the body feels comfortable under it.

The spandex fibers present in the material make it strong and durable; the wear resistance of such fabric increases up to 2 times.

Fabric with elastane is resistant to water and sun: it does not fade, does not change color after washing and drying, does not wrinkle or deform after a long time of use.

When choosing fabric for a swimsuit, be sure to make sure that its composition includes elastane and its content is not less than 1/5. Otherwise, the swimsuit will only last one season.

Rules for caring for products made from fabrics with elastane:
hand wash in water at room temperature using soft washing powder for thin fabrics, easy spin without twisting;
machine wash in “hand wash” or “delicate” mode with water temperature up to 40 degrees, spin no more than 400 rpm;
Colored elastane should be washed separately from clothes white;
the use of conditioners, stain removers and bleaches is prohibited;
drying - on a smooth surface, spread out, out of direct sunlight;
ironing on “silk” or “delicate” mode;
You cannot keep a lycra item stretched for a long time (on a hanger)

Gipel (Gipele, reaper) is a beautiful knitwear with additional weft threads that do not form loops. The threads form patterns on the surface of the knitwear and increase its elasticity. Typically the fiber composition is 90% cotton and 10% lycra.

Acrylic jersey is a knitted fabric, the raw materials for which are extracted from natural gas. Plastic. Lasting. Doesn't fade. Paints well. Doesn't roll down

Happy sewing!