Soviet posters on the theme of motherhood and childhood. Soviet pedagogical poster. what were children taught in the USSR? Raising children in a Soviet poster

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I propose to plunge back into the past and remember what it was like life in the Soviet years.

On the site pages we have already mentioned life in the USSR in the article:

Continuing the theme of life in Soviet times, one cannot help but recall Soviet pedagogy. The state, school, and public groups played the main role in raising children. Family was also given great importance.

Communist ideology was present everywhere. Children with red ties, October badges, Komsomol badges, portraits of V. Lenin, I. Stalin are the main attributes of posters of that time.

But, we must pay tribute to Soviet pedagogy, children were brought up on the correct humanistic principles, their life position, social responsibility, and work skills were formed. We won’t talk about the downsides now...

By the way, posters about education in the USSR were present everywhere. In schools, kindergartens, and other public institutions.

One of the important tasks of Soviet pedagogy is the eradication of corporal punishment of children. As far as I know, they were not very successful in this. Some families still beat their children. Terrible? I think yes. I wasn't beaten as a child. Thanks to the parents... Although, from the height of past years, sometimes it seems that for education, this is not the worst method, given the realities of today.

Another theme of posters about education in the USSR is right attitude to work, training, public property, neatness.

good posters about education in the USSR that shape public opinion. It seems to me that there are not enough posters like this today...

I'm looking at now parenting posters and trying to compare upbringing children in USSR and today. When do you think it was better?

Well, at the end of the article, a popular children's poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky. Unfortunately, today children at school do not study this poem.
Cartoon from 1969, in a word, a rarity.

Pedagogy in the USSR is a separate, large, vast topic.
In pre-revolutionary Russia, raising children was patriarchal, responsibility was divided between family and church, and moral preaching was combined with the rod. In the USSR, the state took the leading role in raising children; school and society were given priority over the family, which, however, was also given an important place. Already in the 1920s, the Soviet regime carried out a real pedagogical revolution, the symbol of which was the “system of A.S. Makarenko,” whom UNESCO in 1988 recognized as one of the four teachers who determined the way of pedagogical thinking in the twentieth century.
The new education system was based on scientific and humanistic principles; it was focused on developing in the child a comprehensively developed personality, an active life position, social responsibility and work skills. Of course, some things later turned out to be deformed by harsh historical realities, but in general, even today Makarenko’s school looks quite modern and almost flawless.

We'll see today a short history Soviet pedagogy in pictures, or rather, in posters.

One of the main goals of Soviet pedagogy was the eradication of violence against a child in the family; physical force was considered absolutely unacceptable.
1926, “Down with beating and punishment of children in the family” A. Fedorov:

The West will come to this only in decades. If I'm not mistaken, spanking of children was banned in English schools only in 1985.

1929, “Don’t hit the child” A. Laptev:

By the way, the armband “Friend of Children” in the first picture is the name of a voluntary society that was involved in the protection of minors.

Poster 1930:

As you can see, on all the posters the children are already wearing pioneer ties.
The All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin is a mass children's communist organization in the USSR. It was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Komsomol Conference on May 19, 1922, and until 1924 it bore the name of Spartak.
In this case, the USSR largely used the experience of the United States and other Western countries, where children en masse joined “reconnaissance teams” (“scouts”), which made it possible not only to educate them in the spirit of collectivism and physical culture, but also to prepare a mobilization reserve of youth in case of war. Actually, the word “pioneer” came to the USSR from the American lexicon.

Pedagogical posters in the USSR were addressed to both adults and children themselves.
This 1930 poster encourages donations to the school:

For modern Russian parents, the problem of “donating for school” has again become relevant.

Much attention was paid preschool education, mass construction of playgrounds.
Poster 1930:

After the rampant “sexual liberalism” in the USSR in the 1920s, already in the early 1930s, Soviet ideology abruptly turned to the protection of family values, strengthening the family as a unit of socialist society.

1936, “Childhood”, V. Govorkov:

Ideology, of course, was present on Soviet pedagogical posters in the form of red ties and some other attributes, but in general their content was based on the universal human values of modern society.
Explicitly ideological posters with children were relatively rare.

1938, “Thanks to Comrade Stalin for a happy childhood”:

Still, pedagogical posters pursued very specific goals and objectives, which determined their diverse content.

1945, “Take care of the child’s life - explain to him the rules of the street”:

1950, “It should be clear to everyone that playing on the pavement is dangerous”:

1946, “We will open bright, beautiful kindergartens for children everywhere”:

1947, “Let’s surround orphans with care” N. Zhukov:

What did they strive to educate in Soviet children?

1. Patriotism.

1950, “Be a worthy son of the Motherland,” Vasily Suryaninov:

2. Collectivism, friendship, mutual assistance.

1950s, Boris Reshetnikov, “The pioneer is ready to help the baby without further ado”:

3. Independence.

1950s, “Learn to do everything yourself”:

4. Hard work, skill.

1954, Sofya Nizova, “Love Work”:

1957, Galina Shubina, “I’ll learn”:

5. Willingness to protect the weak.

1955, Sofya Nizova, “Don’t hurt the baby”:

6. Indifference, intolerance to evil.

1955, Sofya Nizova, “Don’t you dare”:

7. Willingness to help elders.
1955, Sofya Nizovaya “Help the Elders”:

1960, Natalya Vigilyanskaya, Fyodor Kachelaev, “We know how to do everything ourselves, Helping our mother”:

8. Honesty.
1965, Galina Shubina, “Never lie”:

Prada, now some examples are already perceived negatively.
1959 "The pioneer speaks the truth, he values the honor of his squad"

For Europeans who “snitch” on their neighbors to the police for any reason, it is difficult to understand why Russians treat snitching with contempt.

9. Sobriety.

1959, "Not a Drop":

10. Self-discipline.

1964, Evgeny Solovyov, “Daily Routine”:

11. Respect for elders.

1957, Konstantin Ivanov, Veniamin Briskin “Don’t be like that”:

12. Diligence in studies.

1957, Ruben Suryaninov “Study for five”:

In conclusion, such a funny poster, 1958!:

Soviet posters fascinate with their directness and expressed ideological background. Looking at them, you remember the spirit of that era. Inside, the heart skips a beat from the power, openness and global disappointment at the end. Let's go back to that time.

Breastfeeding in posters 1950-1960

26. 1946 Nina Vatolina. "Healthy parents - healthy offspring"

27. 1947 Pyotr Golub, Anatoly Chernov. "Breastfeed your baby"

28. 1957 Nikolai Valerianov. "Breastfeed your baby"

29. 1957 Leonid Aristov. "Flu is dangerous due to its complications"

30. 1950 Boris Berezovsky. "Grow up, hero!"

31. 1954 Galina Shubina. "Grow up healthy!"

32. 1955 Galina Shubina. "Kindergartens and nurseries - for our children!"

33. 1959 Maria Marize-Krasnokutskaya. "Cazzol and Plasmon"

34. 1958 Alexander Dobrov. "It's good for kids"

35. 1958 Nina Vatolina. "Cleanliness is the main thing in caring for a newborn"

Raising children in a Soviet poster

36. Galina Shubina (1956) “Wear with honor”

37. Vasily Suryaninov (1950) “Be a worthy son of the Motherland!”

38. Victor Koretsky, Vera Gritsevich “If you want to be healthy, toughen up!” 1950

39. Evgeny Soloviev “Daily routine”. 1964

40. Ruben Suryaninov “Study for five!” 1957

41. Galina Shubina “In cities, villages, villages...” 1962

42. Nina Vatolina “Welcome!” 1956

43. Nina Vatolina “The teacher is a friend and mentor to our children!” (1956).

44. Viktor Govorkova “Lessons in drawing, music and singing...” (1959)

Labor lessons are no less important for Soviet schoolchildren. Sofia Nizova’s posters “Learning skills will always come in handy!” are reminiscent of this. (1957) and Galina Shubina “I’ll learn!” (1957).

45. Sofia Nizovaya “Learning skills will always come in handy!” (1957)

46. Galina Shubina “I’ll learn!” (1957)

47. Sofia Nizovaya “Love work!” (1954)

Children should learn to work by looking at their older brothers and sisters; Galina Shubina’s sheet “Cultivate a love of work!” is dedicated to this topic. (1955).