What are the main features of adolescence? Adolescence and its features. Crisis associated with separation from family and acquisition of independence

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Often the terms “person”, “individual”, “personality” are used in the literature as being close in meaning. However, each concept has its own specifics.

Human- one of the types of living creatures on Earth (unlike fish, birds, snakes, etc.). That is, this concept denotes the universal abilities inherent in all people that distinguish us from the animal world.

Individual- a separate representative of the human race, a bearer of social and mental traits. Respectively, individuality is a unique combination of natural and social qualities in a person.

Personality- the individual as a bearer of social qualities. The concept of “personality” helps to characterize the social beginning of his life in a person, those properties and qualities that a person realizes in social connections, social institutions, culture, i.e. in public life, in the process of interaction with other people. It characterizes the social position, place and role of the individual in the system of social relations.

Historically, man originally existed as a herd animal, a tribal creature. As social factors develop, individuals become isolated and personalities begin to form. In the individual development of a person, a similar process occurs; initially, a child is simply a biological being who has only instincts and reflexes. But as he develops and assimilates the social experience of humanity, he gradually turns into a personality. Thus, the personal is not innate; only the prerequisites for the development of a person into a personality are given from birth.

The concept of “personality” is inextricably linked with the social properties of a person. A person is born as an organism, and is formed as a personality. Personality is not formed outside of society.

Personality is a person with his own socially conditioned and individually expressed qualities: intellectual, emotional and volitional. The following personality traits can be distinguished:

personality is a human individual who is aware of the totality of his social traits;
the individual participates in the life of society as a subject of social and cultural life;
personality - carrier individual characteristics, which manifest themselves in the process of social relations, communication and work;
the individual understands his social significance, his own properties and qualities realized in public life.

Psychology states that personality is each person with his or her inherent characteristics of character, intellect and emotional sphere.

Psychological properties of personality: character, temperament, abilities, features of mental processes.

Personal qualities- a set of internal traits and characteristics of a person that react to external influences.

External factors influencing personality development:

education (strict or liberal);
a person’s belonging to a certain culture (Western or Eastern);
his stay and activity in the social environment (life in a metropolis or in the taiga);
the influence of the system of connections and relationships of groups into which a person was included during his development.

Personal activity presupposes the presence of freedom and responsibility. Personal qualities are manifested in the course of social relations and imply one or another degree of freedom of a person in his actions and behavior. The scope of freedom is determined by legal, religious and moral rights and responsibilities and personal responsibility for one's wrongdoings. Thus, a person can be characterized: as a part of society; as a representative of a culture, social community or group; as an individual.

The most important stage in the development of personality is considered to be puberty (adolescence). At this time, a person begins to play a significant role for society.

Adolescence is characterized by:

a person’s choice of his life positions, goals and means of self-realization;
inclusion of the individual in the system of moral and cultural traditions of society;
determining one’s future professional activity, integrating into the life of society;
During this period, a person begins to make vital and future-determining decisions, as well as bear full moral and legal responsibility for his actions.

The assimilation by an individual of social experience, during which he is formed as a personality, is associated with the concept socialization.

Socialization is the process of an individual's entry into society. It includes:

training and education of the individual;
interaction with other people;
mastering cultural values and norms of society;
acquisition of certain rights, responsibilities, views, habits;
mastering types of joint activities;
finding your place in society.

The need for socialization is due to the fact that social qualities are not inherited, they are acquired and developed. Socialization requires the active participation of the individual himself.

The process of socialization goes through certain stages, which are also called life cycles: childhood, adolescence, maturity and old age.

Associated with the period of childhood and adolescence primary(early or initial) socialization. It is associated with the acquisition of general cultural knowledge, with the development of initial ideas about the world and the nature of human relationships. A separate stage of early socialization is adolescence. The particular conflict potential of this age is due to the fact that the child’s capabilities and abilities significantly exceed the rules and limits of behavior prescribed for him.

Associated with the maturity phase secondary(continued) socialization. Its essence is the mastery of special knowledge and skills, i.e. acquiring a profession. At this stage, the individual’s social contacts and the range of his social roles expand.

Third the stage of socialization is conditionally associated with the onset retirement age or loss of ability to work. It is characterized by a change in lifestyle due to exclusion from the labor process.

The socialization process is carried out through “helpers”. These are people and institutions that have a significant influence on socialization. They are called agents of socialization. Each stage of life has its own agents of socialization.

During the period of primary socialization, the main agent is the family. In the period from 3 to 8 years, the circle of socialization agents expands significantly. These are educational and preschool institutions, friends, other people surrounding the child. An extremely important agent of socialization is the school. At school, children learn to work in a team, relate their needs to the interests of other children, and develop skills of subordination to elders.

Along with “official” organizations, peer groups are agents of socialization for children and adolescents, whose influence often outweighs the influence of the family; individuals who have authority in the eyes of young people. The media, especially television, are of great importance as an agent of socialization in modern society, distributing and replicating more and more new role models. Television imposes certain standards of behavior, lifestyles and life goals.

One of the results of socialization is the acquisition by a person of certain social statuses and the development of corresponding social roles. 1

The document contains information describing the teenage period, lists ways to solve problems that arise during adolescence, and also gives recommendations to parents on how to behave correctly with their child in this age-related journey.

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Adolescence and its features

Adolescence is an important and difficult stage in a person’s life, a time of choice that largely determines the rest of one’s life. It can be compared to Ivan Tsarevich stopping at a fork in the road near a stone on which it is written: “You will go left..., you will go right...”. In ancient times, this stage was considered the same qualitative change in state as birth, marriage, and death. What are the main changes that a modern teenager feels in himself?

Adolescence is marked by rapid development and restructuring of the child’s social activity. Powerful changes occur in all areas of a child’s life; it is no coincidence that this age is called “transitional” from childhood to adulthood.

Adolescence is considered as a stage of personality development, a process of transition from a dependent, supervised childhood, when a child lives according to special rules established for him by adults to an independent life.

At this time, stable forms of behavior, character traits and methods of emotional response take shape, which in the future largely determine the life of an adult, his physical and mental health. That is why the role of the family environment is so great in providing conditions that do not hinder, but, on the contrary, promote the healthy development of the adolescent’s personality.

Observations of children in various situations reveal the dependence of the manifestations of the type of temperament on the motives and needs that motivate them to activity: when performing meaningful, interesting work, a child can be very active and becomes slow when involved in uninteresting activities. There are the following types of accentuations: cycloid, hyperactive, asthenoneurotic, sensitive, psychoasthenic, demonstrative, unstable, conformal.

At the age of 13-14 years, the system of values and interests changes. What was valuable is devalued, new idols appear, the nature of relationships with adults and parents is often of a protest nature. At this age, teenagers are drawn to everything unusual and often get carried away by informal trends. The modern teenager has a pronounced desire for individualization, to assert his “I”.

Outwardly, the age crisis manifests itself in rudeness, secrecy, deliberate behavior, the desire to act contrary to the demands and wishes of adults; in ignoring comments, withdrawing from the usual sphere of communication. The difficulty is that the teenager does not know how to analyze the reasons for what is happening to him.

A teenager often has an unreasonable feeling of anxiety, self-esteem fluctuates, at this time he is very vulnerable, conflicted, and can become depressed. He must be in his eyes very smart, very handsome, very brave, very capable, etc.

At the same time, restructuring a teenager’s attitude towards himself affects not only his emotional condition, but also on the development of his creative abilities and satisfaction with life in general. Studying takes a back seat at this time.

Rapid, uneven growth begins, as a result of which the teenager becomes disproportionate and clumsy. The child’s body undergoes profound restructuring, and at a very fast pace. Rapid physical development is accompanied by a number of contradictory aspects. Often there is a rejection of their body and appearance, then they exhaust themselves with diets, exercise, simply suffer and withdraw into themselves. Such phenomena should not cause much concern for parents, but it is necessary to know them and take them into account when organizing the life of a teenager.

Since a teenager strives for extreme positions in assessment, he tends to overestimate or underestimate his qualities and properties. Teenagers are critical of the negative traits of their character, worrying about those traits that interfere with their friendships and relationships with other people.

A teenager's self-esteem is unstable: he is inclined to consider himself either a genius or a nonentity. Any little thing can radically change a teenager’s attitude towards himself. If he is forced to admit that something is wrong, his opinion of himself drops on all counts, however, such contradictory self-esteem is necessary in order for him to develop new, adult criteria for personal development.

The self-esteem of adolescents is contradictory and insufficiently holistic, so many unmotivated actions may arise in their behavior. Teenagers, more than other age groups, suffer from the instability of the social, economic and moral situation in the country, having today lost the necessary orientation in values and ideals - the old ones have been destroyed, new ones have not yet been created.

Features are manifested in a disdainful attitude towards learning, poor academic performance, bravado, failure to fulfill responsibilities: avoiding performing any duties and errands around the house, preparing homework, or even attending classes. Adults sometimes do not notice or do not understand such uneven behavior; they are equally discouraged by exorbitant excitement and inexplicable fatigue.

Such teenagers face large quantities“extra time,” but they are characterized by an inability to spend leisure time meaningfully. The majority have no hobbies, they do not participate in sections and clubs, and do not attend exhibitions and theaters. Unfortunately, in their free time, antisocial behavior of adolescents is predominantly manifested (prostitution, drug addiction, substance abuse, etc.).

Wasting time without meaning pushes teenagers to search for new “thrills.” Alcoholism and drug addiction are closely interwoven into the structure of the deviant lifestyle of adolescents. Very often, teenagers celebrate their “merits”: successful adventures, hooligan acts, fights, petty thefts by drinking alcohol. It turns out that one of the available types of entertainment for teenagers is fighting. Thus, almost a third (29%) of teenagers admit that they fight because there is nothing to do, nowhere to put their energy, and life is boring.

Subsequently, when explaining their actions, teenagers have a misconception about morality, justice, courage and bravery. The least number of teenagers (15%) are studying history, mathematics and art, and amateur film and photography.

Throughout adolescence, there is a clearly defined dynamics of aggressiveness. Forms aggressive behavior typical for most teenagers. 27% of teenagers do not deny their participation in the beating of dissidents, that is, those who have other interests.

One of the elements of the microenvironment in the relationships that shape personality is the family. At the same time, what is decisive is not its composition - complete, incomplete, disintegrated, but the moral atmosphere, the relationships that develop between adult family members, between adults and children. In joint activities, not only parents discover the character of their son or daughter, but also children get to know their parents better. A teenager needs Team work with adults.

Unfortunately, in our time, the number of dysfunctional families in which there is complete neglect, lack of control of behavior on the part of parents, indifference to the fate of a teenager, is growing, which is where children with behavioral problems appear.

But even in seemingly prosperous families, many problems of a psychological nature can be identified that lead to a crisis of adolescence. Only 15% of parents wrote that they know everything about their child. Only 6% of parents encourage their children to study in clubs, sections, and clubs; 3% introduce their children, in their opinion, to interesting guys.

There are 4 dysfunctional situations in the family:
Overprotection various degrees: from the desire to be an accomplice in all manifestations of the inner life of children to family tyranny.
Hypocustody often turning into neglect.
A situation that creates a “family idol”- constant attention to any motive of the child and excessive praise for very modest successes.
A situation that creates “Cinderellas” in the family.There are many families where parents pay a lot of attention to themselves and little to their children.

Ways to solve the problem

Forming a teenager’s range of interests based on his character traits and abilities. Maximum reduction of the period of his free time - “time of idle existence and idleness.” Involving a teenager in activities that lie in the sphere of interests of adults, but at the same time creates opportunities for him to realize and establish himself at the adult level.

Reducing the manifestation of aggression by attending sports schools, daily gymnastics at home using dumbbells, iron weights and boxing gloves (let teenagers beat each other in a peaceful fight, giving an outlet to the accumulated energy, so that aggression does not accumulate like static electricity, which tends to explode in painful discharges). Physical education can become a common and joyful activity for every family member.

Do not make excessive demands on the teenager that are not confirmed by his abilities. Honestly point out his successes and failures (attribute successes to his abilities, and failures to insufficient preparation). Do not praise a teenager, explaining his failures as an accident, because this creates the effect of inadequacy in the teenager. Passion for art, joint visits to cinema and theater, discussion of literary novelties, assistance in construction - this is not a complete list of those areas in which an adult can be together with a teenager.

Always be sensitive to the affairs of your children.
Analyze with your children the reasons for their successes and failures.
Support your child when things are difficult for him.
Try not to protect your teenager from difficulties.
Teach you to overcome difficulties.
Constantly monitor the child, but without overprotection.
Encourage even the barely emerging needs for knowledge, harmony and beauty, and self-actualization.
Tell your child about your problems, about what worried you when you were their age.
Buy your child books on psychology and self-knowledge.
Always lead by example (teach with actions, not words).
Talk to children as equals, respecting their opinions, avoiding moralizing, shouting, edification, and even more so irony.
Advise you to take care of your appearance.
Do not under any circumstances prohibit relationships with the opposite sex, do not stop conversations about the relationship between boys and girls.
Get to know your child's friends, ask them to inform you about ways to spend time, but don't turn into a spy.
Remember: mistrust is offensive!
Keep track of what books your child reads and what films he watches.
Always be for your child, first of all, an older, wise friend and only then a loving mother (father)!

Questionnaire “Are you a good parent?”

The questions in this test must be answered “yes”, “no”, “I don’t know”. So:
1. You often react to some of your child’s actions with an “explosion” and then regret it.

2. Sometimes you take help or advice from friends when you don't know how to respond to your child's behavior.

3. Your intuition and experience are the best advisers in raising a child.

4. Sometimes you happen to trust your child with a secret that you would not tell anyone else.

5. You are offended by other people's negative opinions about your child.

6. You happen to ask your child for forgiveness for your behavior.

7. You think that a child should not have secrets from his parents.

8. You notice differences between your character and the character of your child that sometimes surprise you.

9. You worry too much about your child’s troubles or failures.
10. You can resist buying something that interests your child (even if you have money) because you know that the house is full of them.
11. Do you think that up to a certain age the best educational argument for a child is physical punishment(belt).

12. Your child is exactly what you dreamed of.

13. Your child gives you more trouble than joy.

14. Sometimes you feel like your child is teaching you new thoughts and behaviors.

15. You have conflicts with your own child.

Calculation of results.

For each answer “yes” to questions: 2,4,6,8,10,12,14, as well as “no” to questions: 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15, you get 10 points . For every “I don’t know” you get 5 points. Count up your points.

100-150 points. You have great opportunities to understand your own child correctly. Your views and judgments are your allies in solving various educational problems. If this is accompanied by such open and tolerant behavior in practice, you can be recognized as an example worthy of emulation. For the ideal you need one small step. This could be your child's opinion.

50-99 points . You are on the right road to better understanding your own child. You can resolve your temporary difficulties or problems with your child by starting with yourself. And don’t try to make excuses about lack of time or your child’s nature. There are several issues that you have influence over, so try to use it. And don’t forget that understanding does not always mean accepting. Not only the child, but also your own personality too.

0-49 points . It seems that one can only sympathize more with your child than with you, since he did not end up with a parent - good friend and the guide on the difficult road of obtaining life experience. But all is not lost. If you really want to do something for your child, try something different. Maybe you can find someone who can help you with this. It will not be easy, but in the future it will return with gratitude and the established life of your child.

Learn about the characteristics of adolescence, get acquainted with recommendations for parents on how to survive and not lose touch with their child during this difficult period of life for the whole family.

Adolescence(it is also called average school age) – the period of a person’s life from 11 to 14 years old, a mentally unstable, contradictory, transitional period. Sometimes it can be called a crisis, but this is individual. The timing of human development during this period depends on individual characteristics. The period is very stormy, not only for the teenager, but also for his environment (parents, teachers, relatives).

What are the characteristics of adolescence?

1. Lines of psychic and physical development do not go parallel, although simultaneously. This means that mental development may not keep up with the development of the physical body, or, conversely, ahead of it.

2. Emotional instability. This is a feature of adolescence. Experience teenage crisis may be accompanied by deep sadness, a feeling of weakness, complete passivity due to a hormonal storm. Emotional instability is enhanced by sexual arousal.

3. Increase in the phenomena of puberty (puberty). Puberty is associated with endocrine changes in the body, which is accompanied by complex, intensive physiological development. During this period, the child's height and weight may increase sharply. The limbs, the size of the hands and feet lengthen, the growth of the skeleton outstrips the growth of muscle mass and tissue. This explains the stooped posture of teenagers. As a result, problems with blood vessels may arise, dizziness, headaches may appear, because... the heart does not have time to grow behind the bones.

The sudden change in the body map in space has not yet been assimilated, children in adolescence feel clumsy, knock cabinets with their heads, cut their fingers when slicing bread, etc. Sports activities are good at this age: swimming, trampolining, running, basketball, etc.

4. Hypertrophied importance of the image of the physical “I”. The “physical self” is the idea of physical attractiveness. Qualities are assessed through the prism of values accepted in the family and among peers. Girls who consider themselves ugly will try to act as if they are very smart and competent, compensating for their external disadvantage. Boys emphasize their masculinity as much as possible (spit over their shoulders, walk with an imposing gait, etc.); in girls, the desire to emphasize their femininity is manifested in the desire for cosmetics and other “feminine things.”

In this case it may be overweight or, on the contrary, thinness, acne on the face, sweat stains in the armpits. Overweight girls begin to limit themselves in food, and then overeat, since hormonal changes in the body will still “take their toll.” This is how bulimia can develop. Girls with intense breast growth slouch, others, on the contrary, may put something in their underwear. All these tricks come from self-doubt.

Tactless remarks and shouting from adults exacerbate pessimism and further neuroticize the child. Therefore, during this period, special requirements are important for the culture of relations with children, for their developing sexuality in the family. For adolescents with delayed sexual development, it is important to be on the same level as adults intellectually; such children are characterized by better development strong-willed qualities, since they are forced to argue and prove their maturity in disputes with teachers and parents.

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Instability may appear in the image of the “physical self” due to a sloppy joke from an adult or peer: “legs are like threads,” “a horse will gallop between your legs,” etc., and self-esteem may be shaken, this will lead to self-doubt, and then to passivity, despair.

5. A new development of age is the feeling of adulthood. Young people begin to view themselves as adults, a form of self-awareness. They begin to demand appropriate attitude from their parents. However, the teenager is still far from adulthood, both physically and mentally. At the same time, all adult forms in romantic relationships are copied: texting, dating, etc.

Parents’ rejection of a teenager’s interests is very painful at this age.(“listens to the wrong music”, “dresses the wrong way”, “chooses expensive things, phones”, etc.) Condemnation from parents and other significant adults is very painful, because the child believes that he is not taken seriously.

Feeling like an adult, the child sees the privileges of rights, so adolescents begin to intensively and sometimes aggressively defend them. At this age there is still no understanding that rights entail responsibilities, that these are interdependent concepts. Therefore, it is important and useful to assign the child some responsibilities around the house (for example, taking out the trash, buying bread, cleaning up the house, washing the floors, picking up a younger brother or younger sister from kindergarten, etc.), after which you can have conversations about rights. This position contributes to the development of adulthood.

6. Personality characteristics. Personality at this age is unstable, contradictory, opposing tendencies and traits fight with each other and coexist in the personality of a teenager. A child can be selfish and at the same time devoted and self-sacrificing; he can be rude, but at the same time very vulnerable; pessimism is replaced by optimism, romanticism - by extraordinary cruelty, asceticism - by the licentiousness of small levels.

7. Communication with peers becomes the leading activity at this age. In adolescence, the phenomenon of friendship appears, which acts as psychological support for the child. In teenage microgroups there may be an illegal image of honor: for example, keeping secrets, being on the side of “your own”, even if they are wrong, etc. Violations of the code can be severely punished.

The “I-concept” is formed, i.e. a system of images, ideas about oneself, a teenager opens his inner world, the identification mechanism in this case is friendship. Friendships among teenagers are always same-sex; friendships, as a rule, are with their “mirror”, with someone who is very similar to the teenager and allows them to get to know themselves better. Interests, appearance, success at school, level of intellectual abilities, social behavior are similar.

The need to understand oneself gives rise to confessional communication - this is keeping diaries, revealing innermost secrets to a friend, the terrible horror of secrets, etc.

8. Hobbies. Those that will increase the feeling of adulthood and the feeling of independence from parents and their opinions are selected. The child wants to separate from adults even in choosing hobbies. He may quit dancing, music school, wrestling, etc., all that was “imposed” by his parents.

Hobbies (according to A.E. Lichko) can be:

– intellectual, aesthetic(love to interesting activities: history, literature, technology, etc.);

– egocentric(by type they can be intellectual, their main goal is to attract attention with their successes. The child strives to stand out with originality, looks for hobbies in which he will be the most talented, the most successful);

– bodily-manual(associated with the intention to strengthen one’s strength and endurance. These are all types of sports activities: wushu, wrestling, etc. Pleasure is brought not only by the result, but also by the process itself);

– cumulative(this is collecting in all directions: stamps, films, music, banknotes, etc.).

– information and communication(the main goal is to exchange constantly changing and updated information, exchange news from music channels, fashion youth magazines, websites, etc. “I read on the Internet yesterday...” That’s all about it. At the same time, the information is absorbed at a fairly superficial level and is not remembered for a long time.

It is in such an environment that the danger of gambling, early alcoholism, substance use, and antisocial behavior easily arises. Because the teenager is not busy, not busy with anything in essence. Alcohol is also an adaptogen at this age).

Of course, the course of the teenage “crisis” is individual, great importance of course they have intra-family relations, parent-teen relationships, marital relationships, parenting style of each parent, family history, etc. This can be worked on individually in each individual family. published .

Victoria Kolotilina

Features of adolescence

Adolescence is a special, unique, unique and very difficult stage of human life, during which physical, personal, moral and social formation occurs.

The period is characterized by intense physical and physiological development and puberty. Thanks to the rapid growth and restructuring of the body, adolescents sharply increase their interest and at the same time criticality in relation to their appearance, many begin to feel awkward, clumsy, and doubt their attractiveness.

The emotional state of a teenager is characterized by instability, excitability, vulnerability, hypersensitivity to external influences, emerging feelings of anxiety, depression. The mood is characterized by sharp changes from unbridled joy to despondency, special sensitivity to others’ assessment of one’s appearance, abilities, and skills, which is combined with excessive self-confidence, excessive criticism and disdain for adults.

One of the important areas of life for a teenager is communication with peers; studies fade into the background. For a teenager, the main thing is not just to be close to peers, but also to occupy a position among them that satisfies him (leader, authority, friend). A very important feature of a teenager is increased reflection, soul-searching, analysis of one’s own and others’ actions, “sorting things out,” continuous thinking and determining one’s place in the world and society, and an attempt to evaluate oneself.

Changes are also noted in relations with parents; the teenager critically overestimates their authority, begins to see the shortcomings of his parents, painfully experiences their caresses, remarks, demands; he simultaneously resists them and needs love and support. When communicating with adults, a teenager defends his autonomy, independence, and shows a tendency to confront, criticize, and ignore authorities.

During adolescence, old interests die out and new ones actively form. Teenage interests and hobbies can often be incomprehensible to adults and consume all their free time.

The teenager begins to feel like an adult, strive to be and be considered an adult. Rejecting his belonging to children, he nevertheless does not have a sense of true adulthood. He develops a huge need for recognition of his adulthood by those around him.

1. Create and maintain a warm, trusting relationship with your teenager. Accept your teenager for who he is. It is important that the teenager receives signs of your love and acceptance every day in the form of affectionate words of encouragement and hugs. Avoid irony and tactless remarks when communicating with a teenager. The famous family therapist V. Satir recommended hugging a child several times a day, saying that four hugs are absolutely necessary for everyone simply for survival, and for good health you need at least eight hugs a day.

2. Be patient and tolerant when communicating with a teenager. Change your communication style, switch to a calm, polite tone and give up categorical assessments and judgments, negotiate more often, give reasons for your opinion, and compromise.

3. Be interested in the teenager’s opinion, try to look at the world through his eyes, try to find a common language with the teenager.

4. Give the teenager the opportunity to feel like a full member of the family, whose opinion is taken into account.

5. Form the habit and need to have a heart-to-heart conversation with your parents and trust them with secrets. Never use a teenager’s frankness against him, do not rush into assessments and advice, know how to listen and sympathize patiently and without judgment.

6. Be prepared to review and discuss with your teenager the restrictions and prohibitions that you previously adhered to, give him more independence.

7. Show interest, become interested in your teenager’s hobbies, try to find something interesting for yourself in them. Don't criticize, ignore or make fun of your teenager's hobbies that you don't understand.

8. Use the teenager’s desire for self-affirmation and provide him with positive opportunities for self-realization.

9. Plan and spend leisure time together.

10. Speak with respect and interest about the teenager’s friends, do not criticize them, give the teenager the opportunity to invite his friends to visit, this will give you the opportunity to learn more about your child’s social circle. Talk to your teenager more often about his friends.

11. Be sincerely interested in the experiences and problems of teenagers, demonstrate your respect and recognition of their personality and individuality.

12. Teach your teenager to solve problems on their own, rather than ignore them.

13. Form the habit of setting goals and planning your actions to achieve your goals.

14. Give the teenager the opportunity to independently decorate his own space (room) and choose a clothing style. If necessary, help your teenager find his own style in clothing, hairstyle, etc.

15. Respect the teenager’s personal space, knock when entering his room, do not look in his diaries, give the teenager the opportunity to control the order in his room in the way that is convenient for him.

16. Share your experiences with a teenager, turn to him for help and advice, talk about how important his support is for you.

17. Be an example worthy of imitation for your teenager, find ways to maintain and strengthen your authority in a non-violent way. Be a friend to your growing child.

18. When communicating with a teenager, remember yourself more often at this age; perhaps his experiences and actions will become clearer to you.